2025 ICAST Summer Humanities Fellow
ICAST THEME "Technology and Society"
Hunter Heyck (Professor, Department of the History of Science, Medicine and Technology)
From climate change to online disinformation to pandemic disease to populist revolts against expertise and globalization, many of the great issues facing us today are socio-technical challenges. That is, they are the products of our past choices, embedded in the technological systems that give shape to how we work, play, live, and love. Solving such problems is never a simple matter, for technology and society each make each other, all the time. Artifice: Creating a Chosen World explores this relationship between technology and society from Gutenberg to genomics explores the relationship between technology and society from Gutenberg to genomics, automata to AI. Its central thesis is that we have created an increasingly artificial, chosen world in which our encounters with ‘first nature’ are almost always mediated by layer upon layer of artifice. This world of artifice I call a ‘chosen world’ because, time and again, we have used our technologies to replace the givens of nature with the choices of humans. This framing connects the history of technology to social and cultural history—to the world of human goals, values, and choices—and to the history of our ideas about and interactions with Nature. Because of its focus on the theme of choice, Artifice engages with the core ethical and social questions posed by ICAST. What does choice mean in a world of large-scale technological infrastructures that make some choices so much easier than others? Whose choices matter, and how does choice operate? Do choices made in initial design outweigh those made by end users? Do modern technological systems extend meaningful choices to more people, or do they concentrate not only wealth but the power to choose in fewer hands? These are the core questions that animate Artifice.


