Skip Navigation

Greg McFarquhar

Interlocking O U, Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations, The University of Oklahoma website wordmark.

Greg McFarquhar

Greg McFarquhar.

Director, CIWRO

George Lynn Cross Research Professor, OU School of Meteorology

mcfarq@ou.edu
Gregory.McFarquhar@noaa.gov
National Weather Center 2100

Education

  • Ph.D., Atmospheric Physics, University of Toronto
  • M.Sc., Atmospheric Physics, University of Toronto
  • B.Sc., Mathematics and Physics, University of Toronto

Affiliated CIWRO Team

  • Cloud Physics Team

CIWRO Research Themes

  • Weather Radar and Observations
  • Mesoscale and Stormscale Modeling R&D

About

Greg McFarquhar is the Director of the Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO) and a George Lynn Cross Research Professor in the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma. He completed his B.Sc. in Mathematics & Physics at the University of Toronto, and a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Physics at the University of Toronto. He has worked as a faculty member at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, a project scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, and a postdoctoral fellow at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.

He has completed sabbaticals at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and at NCAR. He is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society and American Geophysical Union, President of the International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation, former President of the American Meteorological Society on Cloud Physics, and is a George Lynn Cross Research Professor at the University of Oklahoma.

His research is making fundamental advances in understanding the properties of clouds and the processes occurring in clouds in order to improve the ability to represent clouds in weather and climate models. His work uses field observations, satellite retrievals and numerical modeling studies. He has conducted 37 field campaigns measuring clouds using aircraft in locations such as Sweden, Alaska, Oklahoma, Newfoundland, Australia, Namibia, Săo Tomé, French Guyana, Costa Rica, Malaysia, Fiji, the Maldives and elsewhere.

He is Chief Editor of the American Meteorological Society Monograph Collection, Associate Editor of the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society and of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, and Special Editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research.  He has 242 refereed journal publications, and he and his group have made 787 presentations at national and international conferences. He has received over $10 Million of research funding from agencies such as the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, NASA and NOAA.

Research Focus

  • Use of in-situ aircraft probes to measure cloud properties 
  • Use of ground-, ship-, and satellite-based remote sensors to retrieve cloud properties 
  • Polar clouds
  • Southern Ocean clouds 
  • Clouds with high ice water contents 
  • Aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions 
  • Mesoscale Convective Systems and bow echoes 
  • Microphysical processes occurring in tropical cyclones 
  • Warm rain formation processes 
  • Winter storm precipitation processes
  • Oceanic cumuli 
  • Cirrus microphysical properties 
  • Remote sensing of cloud properties 
  • Representation of cloud processes in models with variety of spatial and temporal scales 
  • Representation of uncertainties in numerical models
  • Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS) Graduate Student Prize for best doctoral thesis in Canada, 1993 
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellow, 1993-1994 
  • Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent at University of Illinois: Fall 2002 (ATMS497K Clouds and Climate), Spring 2003 (ATMS100: Introduction to Meteorology), Fall 2003 (ATMS100), Fall 2005 (ATMS401: Physical Meteorology), Fall 2007 (ATMS504: Physical Meteorology), Fall 2008 (ATMS512: Clouds & Climate; ATMS571: Professional Development in Atmospheric Sciences), Fall 2009 (ATMS571), Fall 2010 (ATMS504: Physical Meteorology), Fall 2011 (ATMS504, ATMS571), Spring 2012 (ATMS510: Precipitation Physics), Fall 2012 (ATMS304: Atmospheric Thermodynamics), Fall 2013 (ATMS301), Fall 2014 (ATMS301 and ATMS512), Spring 2017 (ATMS100) 
  • NASA Group Achievement Awards: 2002 (Convection and Moisture Experiment CAMEX-4), 2009 (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites mission in Alaska and Canada ARCTAS), 2015 (Ground Precipitation Measurement Post-Launch Team), 2019 (ORACLES Field Campaign), 2020 (CAMP2EX Field Campaign)
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Robert H. Goddard Award for Exceptional Achievement in Science presented to GPM Ground Validation Team, December 2014 
  • Petit Scholar, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, July 2005-June 2006 • Richard and Margaret Romano Professorial Scholar, August 2008 to August 2011 
  • Provost Discretionary Funding Award for Recognition of Exceptional Work Quality, October 2009 
  • 2nd Hobbs Memorial Lecturer at University of Washington, May 2010 • Recipient NCAR Faculty Fellowship and MMM Visiting Fellowship, August 2015 to August 2016 
  • Elected Fellow of American Meteorological Society, September 2016 
  • Elected Fellow of American Geophysical Union, November 2020 
  • Editor Award, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2020 
  • George Lynn Cross Research Professorship, April 2024 
  • Presidential Rank Group Achievement Award for the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS), 2024
  1. Stewart, R.E., and G.M. McFarquhar, 1987: On the width and motion of a rain/snow boundary. Wat. Resour. Res., 23, 343-350.
  2. List, R., and G.M. McFarquhar, 1990: The role of breakup and coalescence in the three-peak equilibrium distribution of raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2274-2292.
  3. List, R., and G.M. McFarquhar, 1990: The evolution of three-peak raindrop size distributions in one-dimensional shaft models. Part I: Single pulse rain. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2996-3006.
  4. McFarquhar, G.M., and R. List, 1991: The evolution of three-peak raindrop size distributions in one-dimensional shaft models. Part II: Multiple pulse rain. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1587-1595.
  5. McFarquhar, G.M., and R. List, 1991: The raindrop mean free path and collision rate dependence on rainrate for three-peak equilibrium and Marshall-Palmer distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1999-2003.
  6. McFarquhar, G.M., 1993: Observed and modeled drop-size distributions and rainfall occurring in the Tropics. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 151 pp.
  7. McFarquhar, G.M., and R. List, 1993: The effect of curve fits for the disdrometer calibration on raindrop spectra, rainfall rate and radar reflectivity. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 774-782.
  8. Brown, P.R.A., A. Illingworth, A.J. Heymsfield, G.M. McFarquhar, K. Gosset, and K. Browning, 1995: The role of spaceborne millimeter-wave radar in the global monitoring of ice cloud. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2346-2366.
  9. Lohmann, U., E. Roeckner, W.D. Collins, A.J. Heymsfield, G.M. McFarquhar, and T. Barnett, 1995: The role of water vapor and convection during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) from observations and model simulations. J. Geophys. Res.,100, 26229-26245.
  10. McFarquhar, G.M., R. List, D.R. Hudak, R.P. Nissen, J.S. Dobbie, N.P. Tung, and T.S. Kang, 1996: Flux measurements of pulsating rain packages with disdrometers and Doppler radar made during Phase II of the Joint Tropical Rain Experiment in Penang, Malaysia. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 859-874.
  11. Heymsfield, A.J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 1996: On the high albedos of anvil cirrus in the tropical Pacific warm pool: microphysical interpretations from CEPEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2424-2451.
  12. McFarquhar, G.M., and A.J. Heymsfield, 1996: Microphysical characteristics of three cirrus anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX). J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2401-2423.
  13. Chen, J.-P., G.M. McFarquhar, A.J. Heymsfield, and V. Ramanathan, 1997: A modeling and  observational study of the detailed microphysical structure of tropical cirrus anvils. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6637-6653.
  14. McFarquhar, G.M., and A.J. Heymsfield, 1997: Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2187-2200.
  15. Gerber, H., C.H. Twohy, B. Gandrud, A.J. Heymsfield, G.M. McFarquhar, P.J. DeMott, and D.C. Rogers,1998: Measurements of wave-cloud microphysical properties with two new aircraft probes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1117-1120.
  16. Heymsfield, A.J., G.M. McFarquhar, W.D. Collins, J.A. Goldstein, F.P.J. Valero, J. Spinhirne, W.D. Hart, and P. Pilewskie, 1998: Cloud properties leading to highly reflective tropical cirrus: Interpretations from CEPEX, TOGA COARE and Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. J. Geophys.Res., 103, 8805-8812.
  17. Macke, A., P.N. Francis, G.M. McFarquhar, S. Kinne, 1998: The role of ice particle shapes and size distributions in the single scattering properties of cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2874-2883.
  18. McFarquhar, G.M., and A.J. Heymsfield, 1998: The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2039-2052.
  19. McFarquhar, G.M., A.J. Heymsfield, A. Macke, J. Iaquinta, and S.M. Aulenbach, 1999: Use of observed ice crystal sizes and shapes to calculate mean scattering properties and multi-spectral  radiances: CEPEX 4 April 1993 case study. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31763-31779.
  20. Paluch, I.R., G.M. McFarquhar, D.H. Lenshow, and Y. Zhu, 1999: Marine boundary layers associated with ocean upwelling over the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys Res., 104, 30913-30936.
  21. McFarquhar, G.M., 2000: Comments on 'Parameterization of effective sizes of cirrus-cloud particles and its verification against observations' by Zhian Sun and Lawrie Rikus (October B, 1999, 125, 3037-3055). Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 261-266.
  22. McFarquhar, G.M., A.J. Heymsfield, J. Spinhirne, and W. Hart, 2000: Subvisible tropopause tropical cirrus: Observations and radiative impacts. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1841-1853.
  23. Rolland, P., K.N. Liou, M. King, S.C. Tsay, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2000: Remote sensing of optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds using MODIS channels: Methodology and sensitivity to assumptions. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11721-11738.
  24. Yang, P., B.,-C. Gao, B Baum, W. Wiscombe, Y. Hu, S. Nasiri, P. Soulen, A. Heymsfield, G. McFarquhar, and L. Miloshevich, 2000: Sensitivity of cirrus bidirectional reflectance at MODIS bands to vertical inhomogeneity of ice crystal habits and size distributions. J. Geophys. Res.,106, 17267-17292.
  25. Heymsfield, A.J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2001: Microphysics of INDOEX clean and polluted trade cumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28653-28673.
  26. McFarquhar, G.M., and A.J. Heymsfield, 2001:  Parameterizations of INDOEX microphysical measurements and calculations of cloud susceptibility: Applications for climate studies. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28675-28698.
  27. Ramanathan, V., P.J. Crutzen, D. Althausen, J. Anderson, M.O. Andreae, A.D. Clarke, W.D. Collins, J.A. Coakley, A.J. Heymsfield, B. Holben, J. Hudson, A. Jayaraman, J.T. Kiehl, T.N. Krishnamurti, J. Lelieveld, G.M. McFarquhar, A.P. Mitra, T. Novakov, J.A. Ogren, I.A. Podgorny, J.M. Prospero, K. Priestly, P.K. Quinn, K. Rajeev, P. Rasch, S. Rupert, R. Sadourny, S.K. Satheesh, P. Sheridan, G.E. Shaw, F.P.J. Valero, 2001: The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread haze from south and south-east Asia and its climate forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28371-28398.
  28. Buschmann, N., G.M. McFarquhar, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2002: Effects of observed horizontal inhomogeneities within cirrus clouds on radiative transfer. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D20), 4445, 10.1029/2001JD001273.
  29. Evans, K.F., S.J. Walter, A.J. Heymsfield, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2002: The submillimeter-wave cloud ice radiometer: Simulations of retrieval algorithm performance. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D3), 4028, 10.1029/2001JD000709.
  30. Heymsfield, A.J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2002: Mid-latitude and tropical cirrus microphysical properties. Cirrus, Optical Society of America, ed. D. Lynch, 78-101.
  31. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.A. Black, 2002: The microphysics of tropical cyclones. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 965.
  32. McFarquhar, G.M., P. Yang, A. Macke, and A.J. Baran, 2002: A new parameterization of single-scattering solar radiative properties for tropical ice clouds using observed ice crystal size and shape distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2458-2478.
  33. Iacobellis, S.F., G.M. McFarquhar, D. Mitchell, and R.C.J. Somerville, 2003: On the sensitivity of radiative fluxes to parameterized cloud microphysics. J. Climate, 16, 2979-2996.
  34. McFarquhar, G.M., S. Iacobellis, and R.C.J. Somerville, 2003: SCM simulations of tropical ice clouds using observationally based parameterizations of microphysics. J. Climate, 11, 1643-1664.
  35. Davis, C., N. Atkins, D. Bartels, L. Bosart, M. Coniglio, G. Bryan, W. Cotton, D. Dowell, B. Jewett, R. Johns, D. Jorgensen, J. Knievel, K. Knupp, W.-C. Lee, G. McFarquhar, J. Moore, R. Pryzbylinski, R. Rauber, B. Smull, J. Trapp, S. Trier, R. Wakimoto, M. Weisman, and C. Ziegler, 2004: The Bow-Echo and MCV Experiment (BAMEX): Observations and opportunities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 1075-1093.
  36. McFarquhar, G.M., 2004: A new representation of collision-induced breakup of raindrops and its implications for the shapes of raindrop size distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 777-794.
  37. McFarquhar, G.M., 2004: The effect of raindrop clustering on the collision-induced breakup of raindrops. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 2169-2190.
  38. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.A. Black, 2004: Observations of particle size and phase in tropical cyclones: Implications for mesoscale modeling of microphysical processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 422-439.
  39. McFarquhar, G.M., and S.G. Cober, 2004: Single-scattering properties of mixed-phase Arctic clouds at solar wavelengths: Impacts on radiative transfer. J. Climate, 17, 3799-3813.
  40. McFarquhar, G.M., S. Platnick, L. Di Girolamo, H. Wang, G. Wind, and G. Zhao, 2004: Remotely sensed observations of aerosol indirect effects in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21105, doi:10.1029/2004GL020412.
  41. Nousiainen, T., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2004: Radiative properties of small quasi-spherical ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2229-2248.
  42. Nissen, R.P., R. List, D. Hudak, G.M. McFarquhar, P. Lawson, N.P. Tung, S.K. Soo, and T.S. Kang, 2005: Constant raindrop fall speed profiles derived from Doppler radar data analyses for steady non-convective precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 220-230.
  43. Halverson, J., P.L. Zaofeifa, M. Black, S. Braun, D. Cecil, M. Goodman, A. Heymsfield, G. Heymsfield, R. Hood, T. Krishnamurti, G. McFarquhar, J. Molinari, R. Rogers, J. Turk, C. Velden, D.-L. Zhang, E. Zipser and R. Kakar, 2006: NASA’s Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCPS) Experiment: Investigating tropical cyclogenesis and hurricane intensity change. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88,  867-882.
  44. Kakar, R., F. Marks Jr., G. McFarquhar and R. Hood, 2006: Preface. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3-4.
  45. McFarquhar, G.M., and H. Wang, 2006: Effects of Aerosols on Trade Wind Cumuli over the Indian Ocean: Model Simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor., 132, 821-844.
  46. McFarquhar, G.M., H. Zhang, G. Heymsfield, J. Dudhia, J.B. Halverson, R. Hood, and F. Marks Jr., 2006: Factors affecting the evolution of Hurricane Erin and the distributions of hydrometeors: Role of microphysical processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 127-150.
  47. Cotton, W.R., H. Zhang, G.M. McFarquhar and S.M. Saleeby, 2007: Should we consider polluting hurricanes to reduce their intensity? J. Weather Modification, 39, 70-73.
  48. Fridlind, A.M., A.S. Ackerman, G.M. McFarquhar, G. Zhang, M.R. Poellot, P.J. DeMott, A.J. Prenni, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2007: Ice properties of single layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE). Part II: Model results. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24202, doi:10.1029/2007JD008646.
  49. McFarquhar, G.M., M.S. Timlin, R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, J.A. Grim and D.P. Jorgensen, 2007: Vertical variability of cloud hydrometeors in the stratiform region of mesoscale convective systems and bow echoes. Mon. Wea. Rev. 135, 3405-3428.
  50. McFarquhar, G.M., J. Um, M. Freer, D. Baumgardner, G.L., Kok and G. Mace, 2007: The importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: Observations from the Tropical Western Pacific International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13803, doi:10.1029/2007GL029865.
  51. McFarquhar, G.M., G. Zhang, M.R. Poellot, G.L. Kok, R. McCoy, T. Tooman, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2007: Ice properties of single layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE). Part I: Observations. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24202, doi:10.1029/2007JD008646.
  52. Um, J.S., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2007: Single-scattering properties of aggregates of bullet rosettes in cirrus. J. Appl. Meteor. Climat., 46, 757-775.
  53. Verlinde, J., J.Y. Harrington, G.M. McFarquhar, V.T. Yannuzzi, A. Avramov, S. Greenberg, N. Johnson, M.R. Poellot, J.H. Mather, D.D. Turner, B.D. Zak, T.P. Tooman, A.J. Prenni, G.L. Kok, E.W. Eloranta, M.D. Ivey, C.P. Bahrmann, K. Sassen, P.J. DeMott and A.J. Heymsfield, 2007: The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 205-221.
  54. Zhang, H., G. McFarquhar, S. Saleeby and W.R. Cotton, 2007: Impacts of Saharan Dust as CCN on the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14812, doi:10.1029/2007GL029876.
  55. Barnard, J.C., C.N. Long, E.I. Kassianov, S.A. McFarlane, J.M. Comstock, M. Freer and G.M. McFarquhar, 2008: Development and evaluation of a simple algorithm to find cloud optical depth with emphasis on thin ice clouds. Open Atmos. Sci. J., 2, 46-55.
  56. Liou, K.N., Y. Gu, Q. Yue and G. McFarguhar, 2008: On the correlation between ice water content and ice crystal size and its application to radiative transfer and general circulation models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13805, doi:10.1029/2008GL033918.
  57. Luo, Y., K.-M. Xu, H. Morrison and G. McFarquhar, 2008: Arctic mixed-phase clouds simulated by a cloud resolving model: Comparison with ARM observations and sensitivity to microphysics parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1285-1303.
  58. Luo, Y., H. Morrison, G.M. McFarquhar, Z. Wang and G. Zhang, 2008: Multi-layer Arctic mixed phase clouds simulated by a cloud resolving model: comparison with ARM observations and sensitivity experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D12208, doi:10.1029/2007JD009563.
  59. May, P.T., J.H. Mather, G. Vaughan, C. Jacob, G.M. McFarquhar, K.N. Bower, 2008: The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWPICE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 629-645.
  60. Mitchell, D.L., P. Rasch, D. Ivanova, G.M. McFarquhar and T. Nousianen, 2008: The impact of controversial small ice crystals on GCM simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09806, doi:10.1029/2008GL033552.
  61. Morrison, H., J.O. Pinto, J.A. Curry and G.M. McFarquhar, 2008: Sensitivity of modeled arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus to cloud condensation and ice nuclei over regionally-varying surface conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05203, doi:10.1029/2007JD008729.
  62. Sednev, I., S. Menon, G. McFarquhar, and A.D. Del Genio, 2008: Simulating mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds: sensitivity to ice initiation mechanisms. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 11755-11819.
  63. Shupe, M.D., P. Kollias, O.G. Persson and G.M. McFarquhar, 2008: Vertical motions in Arctic mixed-phase stratus. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1304-1322.
  64. Wang, H., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2008: Large-eddy simulations of the diurnal cycle of shallow convection and cloudiness over the tropical Indian Ocean. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 643-661.
  65. Wang, H., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2008: Modeling aerosol effects on shallow cumulus convection under various meteorological conditions observed over the Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20201, doi:10.1029/2008JD009914.
  66. Grim, J.A., R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, and D.P. Jorgensen, 2009: Development and forcing of the rear inflow jet in a rapidly developing and decaying squall line during BAMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev. 137, 1206-1229.
  67. Grim, J., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber and B.F. Jewett, 2009: Microphysical and thermodynamic structure and evolution of the trailing stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems during BAMEX. Part II: Column model simulations Mon. Wea. Rev.  137, 1186-1205.
  68. Klein, S.A., R. McCoy, H. Morrison, A. Ackerman, A. Avramov, G. de Boer, M. Chen, J. Cole, A. D. DelGenio, M. Falk, M. Foster, A. Fridlind, J.-C. Golaz, T. Hashino, J. Harrington, C. Hoose, M. Khairoutdinov, V. Larson, X. Liu, Y. Luo, G. McFarquhar, S. Menon, R. Neggers, S. Park, K. von Salzen, J.M. Schmidt, I. Sednev, B. Shipway, M. Shupe, D. Spangenberg, Y. Sud, D. Turner, D. Veron, G. Walker, Z. Wang, A. Wolf, S. Xie, K.-M. Xu, G. Yang and G. Zhang, 2009: Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. Part I: Single layer cloud. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 979-1002.
  69. Morrison, H., R. McCoy, S. Klein, S. Xie, Y. Luo, A. Avramov, M. Chen, J. Cole, M. Falk, M. Foster, A. Del Genio, J. Harrington, C. Hoose, M. Khrairoutdinov, V. Larson, X. Liu, G. McFarquhar, B. Shipway, M. Shupe, Y. Sud, D. Turner, D. Veron, G. Walker, Z. Wang, A. Wolf, K.-M. Xu, F. Yang and G. Zhang, 2009: Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment, Part II: Multi-layered cloud. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1003-1019.
  70. Prenni, A.J., P.J. DeMott, D.C. Rogers, S.M. Kreidenweis, G.M. McFarquhar, G. Zhang and M.R. Poellot, 2009: Ice nuclei characteristics from M-PACE and their relation to ice formation in clouds. Tellus B, 61, 436-448.
  71. Kieffer, S., X. Lu, G. McFarquhar and K. Woheltz, 2009: A redetermination of the ice/vapor ratio of Enceladus’ plumes: Implications for sublimation and the lack of a water vapor reservoir. Icarus, 203, 238-241.
  72. Smith, A.M., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, J.A. Grim, M.S. Timlin, B.F. Jewett, and D.P. Jorgensen, 2009: Microphysical and thermodynamic structure and evolution of the trailing stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems during BAMEX. Part I: Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 137, 1165-1185.
  73. Um, J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2009: Single-scattering properties of aggregates of plates from TWP-ICE. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 291-304.
  74. van Diedenhoven, B., A.M. Fridlind, A.S. Ackerman, E.W. Eloranta, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2009: An evaluation of ice formation in large eddy simulations of supercooled Arctic stratocumulus using ground-based lidar and cloud radar. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D10203, doi:10.1029/2008JD011198.
  75. Wu, D.L., J. H. Jiang, R.T. Austin, M. Deng, S.L. Durden, A.J. Heymsfield, B.H. Kahn, J.-L. Li, G.G. Mace, G.M. McFarquhar, C.J. Nankervis, H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read, G.L. Stephens, S. Tanelli, D.G. Vane, D.E. Waliser, and J.W. Waters, 2009: Aura MLS cloud ice measurements and comparisons with CloudSat and other correlative data. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00A24, doi:10.1029/2008JD009946.
  76. Zhang, H., G. M. McFarquhar, W.R. Cotton and Y. Deng, 2009: Direct and indirect impacts of Saharan dust acting as cloud condensation nuclei on tropical cyclone eyewall development. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05802, doi:10.1029/2009GL037276.
  77. Fan, J., J.M. Comstock, M. Ovchinnikov, S. A. McFarlane, G. McFarquhar and G. Allen, 2010: Tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL): Impact of heterogeneous and homogeneous freezing parameterizations. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D12201, doi:10.1029/2009JD012696.
  78. McFarquhar, G.M., 2010: Raindrop size distribution and evolution, Rainfall: State of the Science, Ed. F. Testik and M. Gebremichael, Geophysical Monograph 191, American Geophys. Union, 49-60.
  79. Avramov, A., A. S. Ackerman, A.M. Fridlind, B. van Diedenhoven, G. Botta, K. Aydin, J. Verlinde, A.V. Korolev, J.W. Strapp, G. M. McFarquhar, R. Jackson, S.D. Brooks, A. Glenn, and M. Wolde, 2011: Towards ice formation closure in Arctic mixed-phase boundary layer clouds during ISDAC. J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JD015910.
  80. Botta, G., K. Aydin, J. Verlinde, A.E. Avramov, A.S. Ackerman, A.M. Fridlind, G.M. McFarquhar, and M. Wolde, 2011: Millimeter wave scattering from ice crystals and their aggregates: Comparing cloud model simulations with X- and Ka-band radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 116, doi:10.1029/2011JD015909.
  81. Dey, S., L. Di Girolamo, G. Zhao, A.L. Jones, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2011: Satellite-observed relation between aerosol and trade-wind cumulus clouds over the Indian Ocean., Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01804, doi:10.1029/2010GL045588.
  82. Earle, M.E., P.S.K. Liu, J.W. Strapp, A. Zelenyuk, D. Imre, G.M. McFarquhar, N.C. Shantz, and W.R. Leaitch, 2011: Factors influencing the microphysics and radiative properties of liquid-dominated Arctic clouds: Insight from observations of aerosols and clouds during ISDAC, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00T09, doi:10.1029/2011JD015887.
  83. Mauno, P., G. McFarquhar, T. Nousiainen, M.S. Timlin, M. Kahnert, and P. Raisanen, 2011: The influence of cloud microphysical properties on shortwave radiation: A case study over Oklahoma. J. Geophys. Res., 116, doi:10.1029/2011JD016058.
  84. McFarquhar, G.M., S. Ghan, J. Verlinde, A. Korolev, J. W. Strapp, B. Schmid, J. M. Tomlinson, M. Wolde, S. D. Brooks, D. Cziczo, M. K. Dubey, J. Fan, C. Flynn, I. Gultepe, J. Hubbe, M. K. Gilles, A. Laskin, P. Lawson, W. R. Leaitch, P. Liu, X. Liu, D. Lubin, C. Mazzoleni, A.-M. Macdonald, R. C. Moffet, H. Morrison, M. Ovchinnikov, M. D. Shupe, D. D. Turner, S. Xie, A. Zelenyuk, K. Bae, M. Freer, and A. Glen, 2011: Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC): The impact of arctic aerosols on clouds, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 183-201.
  85. McFarquhar, G.M., B. Schmid, A. Korolev, J.A. Ogren, P.B. Russell, J. Tomlinson, D.D. Turner, and W. Wiscombe, 2011: Airborne instrumentation needs for climate and atmospheric research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 1193-1196.
  86. Morrison, H., P. Zuidema, G.M. McFarquhar, A. Bansemer, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2011: Observed exponential snow particle size distributions in the Arctic during SHEBA/FIRE-ACE and MPACE: Comparison of shallow and deep mixed-phase clouds.  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 1589-1601.
  87. Nousiainen, T., H. Lindqvist, G.M. McFarquhar, and J. Um, 2011: Small irregular ice crystals in tropical cirrus. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2614-2627.
  88. Protat, A., G.M. McFarquhar, J. Um, and J. Delanoe, 2011: Obtaining best estimates for the microphysical and radiative properties of tropical ice clouds from TWP-ICE in-situ microphysical observations, J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 50, 895-915.
  89. Um, J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2011: Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc., 11, 3159-3171.
  90. Baumgardner, D., L. Avallone, A. Bansemer, S. Borrmann, P. Brown, U. Bundke, D. Cziczo, P. Field, A. Heymsfield, A. Korolev, M. Kramer, G. McFarquhar, O. Mohler, S. Lance, P. Lawson, D. Rogers, O. Stetzer, J. Stith, C. Twohy, and M. Wendisch, 2012: In situ, airborne instrumentation: Addressing and solving measurement problems in ice clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, ES29-ES34.
  91. Bromwich, D.H., J.P. Nicolas, J. Kay, T. Lachlan-Cope, D. Lubin, M. Lazzara, I. Gorodskaya, D. Grosvenor, K. Hines, G. McFarquhar, E. Key, and N. Adams, 2012: Antarctic cloud characteristics. Rev. Geophysics., 50, doi:10.1029/2011RF000363.
  92. Jackson, R.C., G.M. McFarquhar, A.V. Korolev, M.E. Earle, P.S.K. Liu, R.P. Lawson, S. Brooks, M. Wolde, A. Laskin, and M. Freer, 2012: The dependence of ice microphysics on aerosol concentration in arctic mixed-phase stratus clouds during ISDAC and M-PACE. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15, doi:10.1029/2012JD017668.
  93. Lindqvist, H., K. Muinonen, T. Nousiainen, R. Makkonen, J. Um, P. Mauno, G.M. McFarquhar, and H. Hakkarainen, 2012: Ice-cloud particle habit classification with atmospheric radiation applications. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16206, doi:10.1029/2012JD017573.
  94. McFarquhar, G.M., B.F. Jewett, S. Nesbitt, M. Gilmore, and T.-L. Hsieh, 2012: Vertical velocity and microphysical distributions related to the rapid intensification of Hurricane Dennis (2005). J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3515-3534.
  95. Vogelmann, A.M., G. McFarquhar, J. Ogren, D. Turner, J. Comstock, G. Feingold, C. Long, H. Jonsson, A. Bucholtz, D. Collins, G. Diskin, H. Gerber, P. Lawson, R. K. Woods, E. Andrews, H.-J. Yang, J.C. Chiu, D. Harstock, J. Hubbe, C. Lo, A. Marshak, J.W. Monroe, S.A. McFarlane, B. Schmid, J.M. Tomlinson, and T. Toto, 2012: RACORO extended-term, aircraft observations of boundary layer clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 861-878.
  96. Hiranuma, N., S.D. Brooks, R.C. Moffet, A. Glen, A. Laskin, M.K. Gilles, P. Liu, A.M. Macdonald, J.W. Strapp and G.M. McFarquhar, 2013: Chemical characterization of individual particles and residuals of cloud droplets and ice crystals collected onboard research aircraft in the ISDAC 2008 study. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 6564-6579, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50484.
  97. McFarquhar, G.M., J. Um, and R. Jackson, 2013: Small particle shape in mixed-phase clouds. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 52, 1277-1293.
  98. Ovchinnikov, M., A. Ackerman, A. Avramov, A. Cheng, J. Fan, A. Fridlind, S. Ghan, J. Harrington, C. Hoose, A. Korolev, G. McFarquhar, H. Morrison, M. Paukert, J. Savre, B. Shipway, M. Shuppe, A. Solomon, and K. Sulia, 2013: Intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: Importance of ice size distribution assumptions. J. Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 6, doi:10.1002/2013MS000282.
  99. Um, J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2013: Optimal numerical methods for determining the orientation average of single-scattering properties of ice crystals. J. Quant. Spect. Rad. Trans., 127, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.05.020.
  100. Verlinde, J., M.P. Rambukkange, E.E. Clothiaux, G.M. McFarquhar, and E.W. Eloranta, 2013: Arctic multi-layered mixed-phase cloud processes revealed in Doppler spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020183.
  101. Jackson, R.C., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2014: An assessment of the impact of anti-shattering tips and artifact removal techniques on bulk cloud ice microphysical and optical properties measured by the 2D cloud probe. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 31, 2131-2144.
  102. Jackson, R.C, G.M. McFarquhar, J. Stith, M. Beals, R. Shaw, J. Jensen, J. Fugal, and A. Korolev, 2014: An assessment of the impact of anti-shattering tips and artifact removal techniques on cloud ice size distributions measured by the 2D cloud probe. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 31, 2567-2590.
  103. Plummer, D.M., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, and D. Leon, 2014: Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of generating cells in the comma-head region of continental winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 4181-4203.
  104. Rauber, R.M., M.K. Macomber, D.M. Plummer, A.A. Rosenow, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, D. Leon, and J.M. Keeler, 2014: Fine scale radar and airmass structure of the comma head of a continental winter cyclone-the role of three airstreams. Mon. Wea. Rev., 142, 4207-4229.
  105. Rauber, R.M., J. Wegman, D.M. Plummer, A.A. Rosenow, M. Peterson, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, D. Leon, P.S. Market, K.R. Knupp, J.M. Keeler, and S. Battaglia, 2014: Stability and charging characteristics of the comma head of continental winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1559-1582.
  106. Rosenow, A., D.M. Plummer, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, and D. Leon, 2014: Vertical velocity and physical structure of generating cells and convection in the comma head region of continental winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1538-1558.
  107. Schmid, B., J.M. Tomlinson, J.M. Hubbe, J.M. Comstock, F. Mei, D. Chand, M.S. Pekour, C.D. Kluzek, E. Andrews, S.C. Biraud, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2014: The DOE ARM Aerial Facility. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 723-742.
  108. Endo, S., A.M. Fridlind, W. Lin, A.M. Vogelmann, T. Toto, A.S. Ackerman, G.M. McFarquhar, R.C. Jackson, and Y. Liu, 2015: RACORO continental boundary layer cloud case studies. Part II: Large eddy simulations of cumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 5993-6004, doi:10.1002/2014JD022525.
  109. Jackson, R.C, G.M. McFarquhar, A. Fridlind, and R. Atlas, 2015: The dependence of cirrus size distributions expressed as volumes in N0-l-m phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: results from the Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS). J. Geophys. Res., 120, 10351-10377, doi:10.1002/2015JD023492.
  110. Maahn, M., U. Lohnert, P. Kollias, R.C. Jackson, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2015: Evaluating ice cloud parameterizations using higher radar moments. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00112.1, 32, 880-903.
  111. McFarquhar, G.M., T.-L. Hsieh, M. Freer, J. Mascio, and B.F. Jewett, 2015: The characterization of ice hydrometeor gamma size distributions as volumes in N0/l/m phase space: implications for microphysical process modeling. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 892-909.
  112. Plummer, D.M., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, and D. Leon, 2015: Microphysical structure of fall streaks in stratiform areas within winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 2465-2483.
  113. Rauber, R.M., D.M. Plummer, M.K. Macomber, A.A. Rosenow, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, D. Leon, N. Owens, and J.M. Keeler, 2015: The role of cloud-top generating cells and boundary layer circulations in the fine-scale radar structure of a winter cyclone over the Great Lakes. Mon. Wea. Rev.,143, 2291-2318.
  114. Um, J., G.M. McFarquhar, Y.P. Hong, S.-S. Lee, R.P. Lawson, and Q. Mo, 2015: Dimensions and aspect ratios of natural ice crystals in cirrus. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3933-3956, doi:10.5194/acp-15-3933-2015.
  115. Um., J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2015: Formation of atmospheric halos and applicability of geometric optics for calculating single-scattering properties of hexagonal ice crystals: Impacts of aspect ratio and crystal size. J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Transfer, 165, 134-152.
  116. Zamora, L.M., R.A. Kahn, B.E. Anderson, E. Apel, G.S. Diskin, J.-L. Jimenez, G.M. McFarquhar, A. Nenes, A. Wisthaler, Y. Kondo, A. Zelenyuk-Imre, and L. Ziemba, 2015: Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 715-738, doi:10.5194/acp-16-715-2016.
  117. Edkins, N., W. Schmutz, L. Egli, R. Davies, T. Aoki, and G. McFarquhar, 2016: The International Radiation Symposium 2016. Adv. Atmos. Sci., doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6180-1.
  118. Finlon, J.A., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, D.M. Plummer, and B.F. Jewett, 2016: A comparison of X-band polarization parameters with in-situ microphysical measurements in the comma head of two winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 55, 2549-2574. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0059.1.
  119. Fridlind, A.M., R. Atlas, B. van Diedenhoven, J. Um, G.M. McFarquhar, A.S. Ackerman, E.J. Moyer, and R.P. Lawson, 2016: Derivation of physical and optical properties of midlatitude cirrus ice crystals for a size-resolved microphysics model. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7251-7283, doi:10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016.
  120. Haapanala, P., G.M. McFarquhar, A. Macke, P. Räisänen, M. Kahnert, J. Tiira, and T. Nousiainen, 2017: Angular dependence of disk and circumsolar SW radiance in presence of ice particles. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6565-6882, doi:10.5194/acp-17-6865-2017.
  121. Huang, Y., S.T. Siems, M.J. Manton, D. Rosenfeld, R. Marchand, G.M. McFarquhar, and A. Protat, 2016: What is the role of sea surface temperature in modulating cloud and precipitation properties over the Southern Ocean? J. Climate, 29, 7453-7476.
  122. Keeler, J.M., B.F. Jewett, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rasmussen, L. Xue, C. Liu, and G. Thompson, 2016: Dynamics of cloud-top generating cells in winter cyclones. Part I: Idealized simulations in the context of field observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 1507-1527.
  123. Keeler, J.M., B.F. Jewett, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rasmussen, L. Xue, C. Liu, and G. Thompson, 2016: Dynamics of cloud-top generating cells in winter cyclones. Part 2: Radiative and instability forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 1529-1553.
  124. Lim, S., L. Riihimaki, J.M. Comstock, B. Schmid, C. Sivaraman, Y. Shi, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2016: Evaluation of long-term surface-retrieved cloud droplet number concentration with in situ aircraft observations. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 2318-2331, doi:10.1002/2015JD024082.
  125. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 55, 229-230.
  126. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 33, 213-214.
  127. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J. Climate, 29, 905-906.
  128. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J. Hydrometeor, 17, 453-454.
  129. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J.Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 369-370.
  130. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 465-466.
  131. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144, 469-470.
  132. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2016: Meteorological monographs and special collections. Wea. Forecastin., 31, 3-4.
  133. Schmid, B., G.M. McFarquhar, and R. Ellingson, 2015: ARM Aircraft Measurements. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 57, 10.1-10.13.
  134. Stechman, D.M., R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, and D.P. Jorgensen, 2016: Interaction of an upper-tropospheric jet with a squall line originating along a cold frontal boundary. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144, 4197-4219. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0044.1.
  135. Tian, J., X. Dong, B. Xi, J. Wang, C.R. Homeyer, G.M. McFarquhar, and J. Fan, 2016: Retrievals of ice cloud microphysical properties of deep convective systems using radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 10820-10839, doi:10.1002/2015JD024686.
  136. Wu, W., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2016: On the practical definitions of maximum dimension for non-spherical particles recorded by 2D probes. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 33, 1057-1072.
  137. Baumgardner, D., S. Abel, D. Axisa, R. Cotton, J. Crosier, P. Field, C. Gurganus, A. Heymsfield, A. Korolev, M. Krämer, P. Lawson, G. McFarquhar, J. Ulanowski, and J. Um, 2017: In-situ measurement challenges. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 58, 9.1-9.23. doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPH-D-16-0014.1.
  138. Field, P., P. Lawson, P. Brown, G. Lloyd, C. Westbrook, D. Moisseev, A. Miltenberger, A. Blyth, T. Choularton, P. Connolly, J. Buhl, Z. Cui, C. Dearden, P. DeMott, A. Flossmann, A. Heysfield, Y. Huang, H. Kalesse, Z. Kanji, A. Korolev, A. Kirchgaessner, S. Lasher-Trapp, T. Leisner, G. McFarquhar, B. Murray, A. Nenes, V. Phillips., and J. Stith, 2017: Secondary ice production – current state of the science and recommendations for the future. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 58, 7.1 – 7.20.
  139. Fridlind, A.M., X. Li, D. Wu, M. van Lier-Walqui, A.S. Ackerman, W.-K. Tao, G.M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, X. Dong, J. Wang, A. Ryzhkov, P. Zhang, M.R. Poellot, A. Neumann, and J.M. Tomlinson, 2016: Use of observation-based aerosol profiles in simulations of a mid-latitude squall line during MC3E: Similarity of microphysics regime to tropical conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-17-5947-2017.
  140. Geerts, B., D. Parsons, C. Ziegler, T. Weckwerth, D. Turner, J. Wurman, K. Kosiba, R. Rauber, G. McFarquhar, M. Parker, R. Schumacher, M. Coniglio, K. Haghi, M. Biggerstaff, P. Klein, W. Gallus, B. Demoz, K. Knupp, R. Ferrare, A. Nehrir, R. Clark, X. Wang, J. Hanesiak, J. Pinto, and J. Moore, 2017: The 2015 Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 98, 767-786. Doi.10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00257.1.
  141. Happanala, P., P. Raisanen, G. McFarquhar, J. Tiira, A. Macke, M. Kahnert, J. DeVore, and T. Nousiainen, 2017: Disk and circumsolar radiances in the presence of ice clouds. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5865-6882, 10.5194/acp-17-6865-2017.
  142. Heymsfield, A.J., M. Krämer, A. Luebke, P. Brown, D. J. Cziczo, C. Franklin, P. Lawson, U. Lohmann, G. McFarquhar, J. Ulanowski, and K. Van Tricht, 2017: Chapter 2: Cirrus clouds. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 58, 2.1-2.26.
  143. Keeler, J.M., B.F. Jewett, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rasmussen, L. Xue, C. Liu, and G. Thompson, 2017: Dynamics of cloud-top generating cells in winter cyclones. Part 3: Sensitivity tests. J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 2879-2897. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0314.1.
  144. Korolev, A., G. McFarquhar, P. Field, C. Franklin, P. Lawson, Z. Wang, E. Williams, S. Abel, D. Axisa, S. Borrmann, J. Crosier, J. Fugal, M. Krämer, U. Lohmann, O. Schlenczaek, and M. Wendisch, 2017: Mixed-phase clouds: progress and challenges. Meteor. Monogr. Doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-17-0001.1, 58, 5.1-5.50.
  145. Leroy, D., E. Fontaine, A. Schwarzenboeck, J.W. Strapp, A. Korolev, G. McFarquhar, R. Dupuy, C. Gourbeyre, L. Lilie, A. Protat, J. Delanoë, F. Dezitter, and A. Grandin, 2017: Ice crystal sizes in high ice water content clouds. Part 2: Median Mass Diameter Statistics in Tropical Convection observed during the HAIC/HIWC project, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 34, 117-136.
  146. Maahn, M., G. de Boer, J.M. Creamean, G. Feingold, G.M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, and F. Mei, 2017: The observed influence of local anthropogenic pollution on northern Alaskan cloud properties. Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-17-14709-2017.
  147. McFarquhar, G.M., D. Baumgardner, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2017: Background and overview. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 58, v – ix.
  148. McFarquhar, G.M., D. Baumgardner, A. Bansemer, S. Abel, J. Crosier, J. French, P. Rosenberg, A. Korolev, A. Schwarzenboeck, D. Leroy, J. Um, W. Wu, A.J. Heymsfield, A. Detwiler, P. Field, A. Neumann, J. Stith, D. Axisa, R. Cotton, and J. Dong, 2017: Processing of ice cloud in situ data collected by bulk water, scattering and imaging probes: Fundamentals, uncertainties and efforts towards consistency. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs, 58, II.1-11.31. doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D_16-0007.1.
  149. Murphy, A., R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, B.F. Jewett, D.M. Plummer, J. A. Finlon, and A.A. Rosenow, 2017: Microphysical structure of elevated convection in winter cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0204.1.
  150. Owens, N., R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2017: The role of lake enhancement in the evolution of the 2011 Chicago area Groundhog’s day blizzard. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 2405-2420. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0025.1.
  151. Rauber, R.M., S.M. Ellis, J. Vivekanandan, J. Stith, W.-C. Lee, G.M. McFarquhar, and B.F. Jewett, 2017: Fine scale structure of a snowstorm over the Northeastern United States: a first look at high resolution HIAPER cloud radar observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 98, 253-269. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00180.1.
  152. Xue, L., J. Fan, Z.J. Lebo, W. Wu, H. Morrison, W.W. Grabowski, X. Chu, I. Geresdi, K. North, R. Stenz, Y. Gao, X. Lou, A. Bansemer, A.J. Heymsfield, G.M. McFarquhar, and R.M. Rasmussen, 2017: Idealized simulations of a squall line from the MC3E field campaign applying three bin microphysics schemes: Dynamics and thermodynamic structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 4789-4812.
  153. Chase, R.J., J.A. Finlon, P. Borque, G.M. McFarquhar, S.W. Nesbitt, S. Tanelli, O. O. Sy, S.L. Durden, and M.R. Poellot, 2018: Evaluation of triple-frequency radar retrieval of snowfall properties using coincident airborne in-situ observations during OLYMPEX. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5752-5760. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077997.
  154. Jӓrvinen, E., O. Jourdan, D. Neubauer, B. Yao, C. Liu, Andreae, M.O., U. Lohmann, M. Wendisch, G.M. McFarquhar, T. Leisner and M. Schnaiter, 2018: Additional global climate cooling by clouds due to ice crystal complexity. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15767-15781, doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15767-2018.
  155. Praz, C., S. Ding, G. McFarquhar, and A. Berne, 2018: A versatile method for ice particle habit classification based on airborne imaging probes. J. Geophys. Res., 123, 13472-13495. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD0029163.
  156. Sato, K., J Inoue, S. Alexander, G. McFarquhar, and A. Yamazaki, 2018: Improved reanalysis and prediction of atmospheric fields over the Southern Ocean by campaign-based radiosonde observations. Geophys. Res. Lett.,45, 11406-11413.
  157. Um, J., G.M. McFarquhar, J.L. Stith, C.H. Jung, S.S. Lee, J.Y. Lee, Y. Shin, and Y.G. Lee, 2018: Microphysical characteristics of frozen droplet aggregates from deep convective clouds. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16915-16930. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16915-2018.
  158. Wu, W., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2018: Statistical theory on the functional form of cloud particle size distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 75, 2801-2814. Doi:10.1175/JAS-D-17-0164-1.
  159. Zhang, G., V. Mahale, B. Putnu, Y. Qi, Q. Cao, A. Byrd, P. Bukovcic, D. Zrnic, J. Gao, M. Xue, Y. Jung, H. Reeves, P. Heinselman, A. Ryzhkov, R. Palmer, P. Zhang, M. Weber, G. McFarquhar, B. Moore, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Vivekanandan, Y. Al-Rashid, R. Ice, D. Berkowitz, C.-C. Tong, C. Fulton an R. Doviak, 2018: Current status and future challenges and opportunities of weather radar polarimetry: Bridging the gap between radar meteorology/hydrology and numerical weather prediction. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 571-588.
  160. Borque, P., K. Harnos, S.W. Nesbitt, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2019: Improving parameterizations of ice particle size distributions using uncorrelated mass spectrum parameters. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 58, 1657-1676. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0203.1.
  161. Finlon, J., G.M. McFarquhar, S.W. Nesbitt, R. Chase, and R. Rauber, 2019: A novel approach to characterize the variability in mass-dimension relationships: results from MC3E. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3621-3643. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3621-2019.
  162. Ghate, V.P., P. Kollias, S. Crewell, T. Heus, C. Williams, M. Oue, D. Moisseev, G. McFarquhar, M. Maahn, M. Wendisch, U. Lohnert, and A. Fridlind, 2019: The second ARM training and science application event: Training the next generation of atmospheric scientists. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100, ES5-ES9, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0242.1.
  163. Lawson, P., S. Woods, E. Jensen, M. Gallagher, B. Whiteway, A. Baran, P. May, A. Heymsfield, G. McFarquhar, J. Um, A. Protat, A. Bailey, S. Lance, A. Muhlbauer, C. Gurganus, A. Korolev, O. Toon, M. Kraemer, 2019: A review of ice particle shapes in cirrus formed in-situ and in anvils. J. Geophys. Res., 124, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030122.
  164. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2019: Preface. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs., 59, vii-ix.
  165. McFarquhar, G.M., and R.M. Rauber, 2019: Epilogue. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monographs., 59, xi.
  166. Stanford, M., H. Morrison, A. Varble, J. Berner, W. Wu, G. McFarquhar, and J. Milbrandt, 2019: Sensitivity of simulated deep convection to a stochastic ice microphysics framework. J. Adv. Modeling Earth Systems, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001730.
  167. Wu, W., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2019: Reply to Comment on ‘Statistical theory on the function form of cloud particle size distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 3961-3962.
  168. Brauer, N.S., J.B. Basara, C.R. Homeyer, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2020: Quantifying precipitation efficiency and drivers of excessive precipitation in post-landfall Hurricane Harvey. J. Hydrology, 21, 433-452, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-19-0192.1.
  169. Chase, R., S.M. Nesbitt, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2020: Evaluation of the microphysical assumptions within GPM-DPR using ground-based observations of rain and snow. Atmosphere, 11, 619;  doi:10.3390/atmos11060619.
  170. Cho, H., S.-Y. Jun, C.-H. Ho, and G. McFarquhar, 2020: Simulations of winter Arctic clouds and associated radiation fluxes using different cloud microphysics schemes in the Polar WRF: Comparisons with CloudSat, CALIPSO and CERES. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD031413. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031413.
  171. Ding, S., G.M. McFarquhar, S.W. Nesbitt, R. Chase, M.R. Poellot, and H. Wang, 2020: The dependence of mass-dimensional relationships on median mass diameter. Atmosphere, 11, 756; doi:10.3390/atmos11070756.
  172. Finlon, J.A., W. Wu, R.M. Rauber, T.J. Zaremba, G.M. McFarquhar, M. Schnaiter, E. Jӓrvinen, and F. Waitz, 2020: Structure of an atmospheric river over Australia and the Southern Ocean. Part II: Microphysical evolution of the seeder-feeder process.  J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JD032514, https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032514.
  173. Gettelman, A., C.G. Bardeen, C.S. McCluskey, E. Jӓrvinen, J. Stith, C. Bretherton, G. McFarquhar, C. Twohy, J. D’Alessandro, and W. Wu, 2020: Simulating observations of Southern Ocean clouds and implications for climate. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JD023619. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032619.
  174. Mascio, J., G.M. McFarquhar, T.-L. Hsieh, M. Freer, A. Dooley, and A.J. Heymsfield, 2020: The use of gamma distributions to quantify the dependence of cloud particle size distributions in hurricanes on cloud and environmental conditions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 2116-2137. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3782.
  175. McFarquhar, G.M., E. Smith, L. Pillar-Little, K. Brewster, P. Chilson, T. Lee, S. Waugh, N. Yussouf, X. Wang, M. Xue, G. de Boer, ,J. Gibbs, C. Fiebrich, B. Baker, J. Brotzge, F. Carr, H. Christopherson, M. Fengler, P. Hall, T. Hock, A. Houston, R. Huck, J. Jacob, R. Palmer, P. Quinn, M. Wagner, and R. Zhang, 2020: Workshop on current and future uses of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) for improved forecasts/warnings and other scientific studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101, E1322–E1328, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0015.1.aa
  176. Naud, C.M., J.F. Booth, K. Lamer, R. Marchand, A. Protat, G.M. McFarquhar, and A. Gettelman, 2020: On the relationship between the marine cold air outbreak M parameter and low level cloud macrophysical properties in the midlatitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JD032465. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032465.
  177. Rauber, R.M., H. Hu, F. Dominguez, S.W. Nesbitt, G.M. McFarquhar, T. Zaremba, and J. Finlon, 2020: Structure of an atmospheric river over Australia and the Southern Ocean. Part I: Tropical and mid-latitude water vapor fluxes as a seeder-feeder process. J. Geophys. Res., http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032513.
  178. Stechman, D.M., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, M.M. Bell, B.F. Jewett, and J. Martinez, 2020: Spatiotemporal evolution of the microphysical and thermodynamic characteristics of the 20 June 2015 PECAN MCS. Mon. Wea. Rev., 148, 1363-1388, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0293.1.
  179. Stechman, D.M., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, and R.A. Black, 2020: Observed microphysical characteristics and inferred thermodynamic processes contributing to the structure, evolution and maintenance of nocturnal MCSs. J. Atmos. Sci., 77, 2541-2565, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-19-0317.1.
  180. Wang, Y., G.M. McFarquhar, R.M. Rauber, C. Zhao, W. Wu, D.M. Stechman, J.A. Finlon, J. Stith, M. Schnaiter, E. Jӓrvinen, J. Jensen, J. Vivekanandan, and M. Dixon, 2020: Microphysical properties of generating cells over the Southern Ocean: Results from SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD032237, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032237.
  181. Zaremba, T.J., R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, M. Hayman, J.A. Finlon, D. Stechman, and S.G. Lasher-Trapp, 2020: Phase characterization of cold sector Southern Ocean cloud tops: Results from SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JD033673. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033673.
  182. Alexander, S.P., G. McFarquhar, A. Protat, R. Marchand, G.G. Mace, E. Vignon, C. Listowski, and A.R. Klekociuk, 2021: Mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64oS by ship-based radar and lidar. J. Geophys. Res, 126, e2020JD033626. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033626.
  183. Chase, R.J., S.W. Nesbitt, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2021: A dual-frequency radar retrieval of snowfall properties using a neural network. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim.., 60, 341-359, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-02.0177.1.
  184. D’Alessandro, J.J., G.M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, J.L. Stith, J.B. Jensen, and R.M. Rauber, 2021: Characterizing the occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of liquid, ice and mixed phase low-level clouds over the Southern Ocean using in situ observations acquired during SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JD034482, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034482.
  185. Duffy, G., G.M. McFarquhar, R. Bennartz, and S. Nesbitt, 2021: Demonstration of a consistent relationship between dual-frequency reflectivity and the mass-weighted mean diameter in measurements of frozen precipitation from GCPEX, OLYMPEX and MC3E. J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 2533-2547, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d/20-0174.1.
  186. Dzambo, A., T. L’Ecuyer, K. Sinclair, B. van Diedenhoven, S. Gupta, G. McFarquhar, J.R. O’Brien, B. Cairns, A.P. Wasilewski, and M. Alexandrov, 2021: Joint cloud water path and rain water path retrievals from ORACLES observations. Atmos. Chem., 21, 5513-5532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5513-2021.
  187. Gupta, S., G.M. McFarquhar, J.R. O’Brien, D. Delene, M.R. Poellot, A. Dobracki, S.G. Howell, J.R. Podolske, J. Redemann, S.E. LeBlanc, M. Segal-Rozenhaimer, and K. Pistone, 2021: Impact of the variability in vertical separation between biomass-burning aerosols and marine stratocumulus on cloud microphysical properties over the Southeast Atlantic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4615-4633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4615-2021.
  188. Homeyer, C., A.O. Fierro, B.A. Schenkel, A.C. Didlake Jr., G.M. McFarquhar, J. Hu, A.V. Ryzhkov, J.B. Basara, A.M. Murphy, and J. Zawislak, 2021: Polarimetric signatures in tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 149, 131-154.
  189. Hu, Y., G.M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, Y. Huang, A. Schwarzenboeck, A. Protat, A. Korolev, R.M. Rauber, and H. Wang, 2021:  Dependence of ice microphysical properties on environmental parameters: Results from HAIC-HIWC Cayenne field campaign, J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 2957-2981, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-21-0015.1
  190. Huang, Y., W. Wu, G. McFarquhar, X. Wang, Y. Hu, A. Ryzhkov, M. Wolde, C. Nguyen, A. Schwarzenboeck, A. Korolev, J.W. Strapp, and I. Heckman, 2020: Microphysical processes producing High Ice Water Contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds: Evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6919-6944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6919-2021.
  191. Humphries, R.S., M. Keywood, S. Gribben, I.M. McRobert, M.D. Keywood, J.P. Ward, P. Selleck, S. Taylor, J. Harnwell, C. Flynn, G.R. Kulkarni, G.G. Mace, A. Protat, S. Alexander, and G. McFarquhar, 2021: Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 21, 12757-12782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021.
  192. Mace, G.G., A. Protat, R.S. Humphries, S.P. Alexander, I.M. McRobert, J. Ward, P. Selleck, M. Keywood, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2021: Southern Ocean cloud properties derived from CAPRICORN and MARCUS data. J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JD033368. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033368.
  193. McFarquhar, G.M., C. Bretherton, R. Marchand, A. Protat, P.J. DeMott, S.P. Alexander, S. Rintoul, G.C. Roberts, C.H. Twohy, D. Toohey, S. Siems, Y. Huang, R. Wood, R. Rauber, S. Lasher-Trapp, J. Jensen, J.L. Stith, J. Mace, J. Um, E. Jӓrvinen, M. Schnaiter, A. Gettelman, K.J. Sanchez, C.S. McCluskey, L.M. Russell, I.L. McCoy, R.L. Atlas, C.G. Bardeen, K.A. Moore, T.C.J. Hill, R.S. Humphries, M.D. Keywood, Z. Ristovski, L. Cravigan, R. Schofield, C. Fairall, M.D. Mallet, S.M. Kreidenweis, B. Rainwater, J. D’Alessandro, Y. Wang, W. Wu, G. Saliba, E.J.T. Levin, S. Ding, F. Lang, S.C.H. Truong, C. Wolff, J. Haggerty, M.J. Harvey, A.R. Klekociuk, and A. McDonald, 2021: Unique observations of clouds, aerosols and precipitation over the Southern Ocean: An overview of CAPRICORN, MARCUS, MICRE and SOCRATES. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 102, doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0132.1.
  194. Miller, R. M., McFarquhar, G. M., Rauber, R. M., O'Brien, J. R., Gupta, S., Segal-Rozenhaimer, M., Dobracki, A. N., Sedlacek, A. J., Burton, S. P., Howell, S. G., Freitag, S., and Dang, C.: Observations of Supermicron-Sized Aerosols Originating from Biomass Burning in South Central Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 21, 14815–14831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14815-2021, 2021
  195. Redemann, R., R. Wood, P. Zuidema, S. J. Doherty, B. Luna, S. E. LeBlanc, M. S. Diamond, Y. Shinozuka, I. Y. Chang, R. Ueyama, L. Pfister, J. Ryoo, A. N. Dobracki, A. M. da Silva, K. M. Longo, M. S. Kacenelenbogen, C. J. Flynn, K. Pistone, N. M. Knox, S. J. Piketh, J. M. Haywood, P. Formenti, M. Mallet, P. Stier, A. S. Ackerman, S. E. Bauer, A.M. Fridlind, G. R. Carmichael, P. E. Saide, G. A. Ferrada, S. G. Howell, S. Freitag, B. Cairns, B. N. Holben, K. D. Knobelspiesse, S. Tanelli, T. S. L'Ecuyer, A. M. Dzambo, O. O. Sy, G. M. McFarquhar, M. R. Poellot, S. Gupta, J. R. O'Brien, A. Nenes, M. E. Kacarab, J. P. S. Wong, J. D. Small-Griswold, K. L. Thornhill, D. Noone, J. R. Podolske, K. S. Schmidt, P. Pilewskie, H. Chen, S. P. Cochrane, A. J. Sedlacek, T. J. Lang, E. Stith, M. Segal-Rozenhaimer, R. A. Ferrare, S. P. Burton, C. A. Hostetler, D. J. Diner, S. E. Platnick, J. S. Myers, K. G. Meyer, D. A. Spangenberg, H. Maring, and L. Gao, 2020: An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in the Southeast Atlantic basin. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1507-1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021.
  196. Varble, A., S. Nesbitt, P. Salio, P. Borque, P. DeMott, Z. Feng, J. Hardin, T. Hill, J. Marquis, A. Matthews, F. Mei, N. Bharadwaj, V. Castro, A. Hunzinger, K. Barry, S. Kreidenweis, G. McFarquhar, L. McMurdie, R. Oktem, D. Romps, C. Saulo, J. Tomlinson, S. van den Heever, Z. Zelenyuk-Imre, Z. Zhang, and E. Zipser, 2021: Utilizing a storm-generating hotspot to study convective cloud transitions: The CACTI experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 102, E1597-E1620, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0030.1.
  197. Wang, Y., C. Zhao, G.M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, M. Reeves, and J. Li, 2021: Dispersion of droplet size distributions in supercooled non-precipitating stratocumulus from aircraft observations obtained during the Southern Ocean Cloud Radiation Aerosol Transport Experimental Study. J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2021JD033720. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033720.
  198. Yang, C.A., M. Diao, A. Gettelman, K. Zhang, J. Sun, G. McFarquhar, and W. Wu, 2021: Ice and supercooled liquid water distributions over the Southern Ocean based on in situ observations and climate model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2021JD036056, https://doi.org/10.1029/2921JD036045.
  199. Zaremba, T.J., R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, P.J. DeMott, J.J. D’Alessandro, and W. Wu, 2021: Ice in Southern Ocean clouds with cloud top temperatures exceeding -5oC. J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2021JD034574, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034574.
  200. Barrett, P., A. Jones, K. Szpek, J. Langridge, S. Abel, A. Vance, Y. Shinozuka, J. Podolske, R. Bennett, P. Zuidema, A. Dobracki, J. Zhang, J. Redemann, G. McFarquhar, S. Gupta, R. Wood, K. Bower, H. Wu, J. Taylor, I. Crawford, H. Coe, H. Chen, S. Cochrane, S. Schmidt, H. Price, J. Trembath, S. Bauguitte, G. Nott, S. Howell, A. Clarke, S. Frietag, A.J. Sedelack, S. Springston, D. Delene, M.R. Poellot, D. Noone, T. Onash, 2022: Intercomparison of airborne and surface-based measurements obtained during the CLARIFY, ORACLES, and LASIC Field experiments. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6329-6371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6329-2022.
  201. Chase, R.J., S.W. Nesbitt, G.M. McFarquhar, N.B. Wood, and G.M. Heymsfield, 2022: Direct comparisons between GPM-DPR and CloudSat snowfall retrievals. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0081.1
  202. Christensen, M., A. Gettelman, J. Cermak, G. Dagan, M. Diamond, A. Douglas, G. Feingold, F. Glassmeier, T. Goren, D. Grosvenor, E. Gryspeerdt, R. Kahn, Z. Li, P.-L. Mas, L. Machado, F. Malavelle, I. McCoy, G. McFarquhar, J. Mülmenstädt, S. Pal, A. Possner, A. Povey, J. Quaas, D. Rosenfeld, A. Schmidt, R. Schrodner, A. Sorooshian, O. Sourdeval, P. Stier, V. Toll, D. Watson-Parris, R. Wood, M. Yang, and T. Yuan, 2022: Opportunistic experiments for aerosol forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 641-674, https:/doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-641-2022.
  203. Dunnavan, E., J.T. Carlin, J. Hu, P. Bukovcic, A. V. Ryzhkov, G.M. McFarquhar, J.A. Finlon, S.Y. Matrosov, and D.J. Delene, 2022: Radar retrieval evaluation and investigation of dendritic growth layer polarimetric signatures in a winter storm. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 61, 1679-1705, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0220.1.
  204. Duque, E.M., Y. Huang, S.T. Siems, P.T. May, A. Protat, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2022: A characterization of clouds and precipitation over the Southern Ocean from synoptic to micro scales during the CAPRICORN field campaigns. J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2022JD036796, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036796.
  205. Fu, D., L. Di Girolamo, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, S.W. Nesbitt, J. Loveridge, B. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, M.D. Alexandrov, P. Lawson, S. Woods, S. Tanelli, O. Sy, S. Schmidt, M. Norgren, and C. Hostetler, 2021: Evaluating bi-spectral retrieved liquid cloud droplet effective radius performance using MODIS, airborne remote sensing and in-situ measurements from CAMP2EX.  Atmos. Chem. Phys.,22, 8259-8285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8259-2022.
  206. Geerts, B., S. Giangrande, G.M. McFarquhar, L. Xue, S. Abel, J.M. Comstock, S. Crewell, P.J. DeMott, K. Ebell, P. Field, T.C.J. Hill, A. Hunzinger, M.P. Jensen, K.L. Johnson, T.W. Juliano, P. Kollias, B. Kosovic, C. Lackner, E. Luke, C. Lüpkes, A.A. Matthews, R. Neggers, M. Ovchinnikov, H. Powers, M.D. Shupe, T. Spengler, B.E. Swanson, M. Tjenrnström, A.K. Theisen, N.A. Wales, Y. Wang, M. Wendisch, and P. Wu, 2022: The COMBLE campaign: A study of marine boundary-layers clouds in Arctic cold-air outbreaks. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103, E1371-E1389, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D_21-0044.1. 
  207. Gupta, S., G.M. McFarquhar, J.R. O’Brien, M.R. Poellot, D.J. Delene, R.M. Miller, and J.D. Small Griswold, 2022: Factors affecting precipitation formation and precipitation susceptibility of marine stratocumulus with variable above- and below-cloud aerosol concentrations over the Southeast Atlantic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2769-2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2769-2022.
  208. Gupta, S., G.M. McFarquhar, J.R. O’Brien, M.R. Poellot, D.J. Delene, I. Chang, L. Gao, F. Xu, and J. Redemann, 2022: In situ and satellite-based estimates of cloud properties and aerosol-cloud interactions over the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12923-12943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12923-2022.
  209. Hu, Y., G.M. McFarquhar, P. Brechner, W. Wu, Y. Huang, A. Korolev, A. Protat, C. Nguyen, M. Wolde, A. Schwarzenboeck, R.M. Rauber, and H. Wang, 2022: Dependence of ice crystal size distributions in high ice water content conditions on environmental conditions: Results from HAIC-HIWC Cayenne campaign. J. Atmos. Sci., 79, 3103-3134, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-0008.1.
  210. Huang, Y., W. Wu, G.M. McFarquhar, M. Xue, H. Morrison, J. Milbrandt, A.V. Korolev, Y. Hu, Z. Qu, M. Wolde, C. Nguyen, A. Schwarzenboeck, and I. Heckman, 2022: Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant roles of secondary ice production. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2365-2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2365-2022.
  211. Jang, S., J. Kim, G.M. McFarquhar, S. Park, S. Han, S.S. Lee, H. Jung, K.-H. Chang, W. Jung, and J. Um, 2022: The impacts of single-scattering and microphysical properties of ice particles smaller than 100 mm on bulk radiative properties of tropical cirrus. Remote Sensing, 14, 3002, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133002.
  212. Jang, S., J. Kim, G.M. McFarquhar, S. Park, S.S. Lee, C.H. Jung, S.S. Park, J.W. Cha, K. Lee, and J. Um, 2022: Theoretical calculations of directional scattering intensities of small nonspherical ice crystals: implications for forward scattering probes. Remote Sensing, 14, 2795, https:doi.org/10.3390/rs14122795.
  213. Jӓrvinen, E., C.S. McCluskey, F. Waitz, M. Schnaiter, A. Bansemer, C.G. Bardeen, A. Gettelman, A. Heymsfield, J. Jensen, J. Stith, W. Wu, J.J. D’Alessandro, G.M. McFarquhar, M. Diao, J.A. Finlon, T.C.J. Hill, E.J.T. Levin, K.A. Moore, and P.J. DeMott, 2022: Evidence for secondary ice production in Southern Ocean maritime boundary layer clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2021JD036411. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411.
  214. Jensen, M.P, J.H. Flynn, L.M. Judd, P. Kollias, C. Kuang, G. McFarquhar, R. Nadkarni, H. Powers, and J. Sullivan, 2021: A succession of cloud, precipitation, aerosol and air quality field experiments in the coastal urban environment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103, 103-105, doi 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0104.1 .
  215. McFarquhar, G.M., 2022: Rainfall microphysics. In Morbidelli R, editor: Rainfall. Modeling, Measurement and Applications, Amsterdam, 2022, 1-26, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822544-8.00009-3.
  216. McMurdie, L.A., G.M. Heymsfield, J.E. Yorks, S.A. Braun, G. Skofronick-Jackson, R. Rauber, S. Yuter, B. Colle, G.M. McFarquhar, M. Poellot, D. Novak, T.J. Lang, R. Kroodsma, M. McLinden, M. Oue, P. Kollias, M.R. Kumjian, S.J. Greybush, A.J. Heymsfield, J.A. Finlon, V. McDonald, and S. Nicholls, 2022: Chasing snowstorms: The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103, E1243-E1269, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0246.2.
  217. Qu, Z., A. Korolev, J.A. Milbrandt, I. Heckman, Y. Huang, G.M. McFarquhar and H. Morrison, 2022: The impacts of secondary ice production on microphysics and dynamics in tropical convection. Atmos. Chem. Physics, 22, 12287-12310, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12287-2022.
  218. Schima, J., G.M. McFarquhar, U. Romatschke, J. Vivekanandan, J. D’Alessandro, J. Haggerty, C. Wolff, W. Wu, and E. Schaefer, 2022: Characterization of the vertical structure of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar and in-situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2022JD037277. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277.
  219. Shrestha, Y., Y. Zhang, G. McFarquhar, W. Blake, M. Starzec, and S.D. Harrah, 2022: Development of simulation models supporting next-generation airborne weather radar for High Ice Water Content monitoring. IEEE J. Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 16. 493-507, doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3227124.
  220. Brechner, P., G.M. McFarquhar, A. Schwarzenboeck, A.V. Korolev, and J.W. Strapp, 2023: Controls on the size distributions and habits of ice crystals in High Ice Water Content (HIWC) regions: Results from Darwin. J. Atmos. Sci., 80, 2147-2164, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-22-0209.1.
  221. D’Alessandro, J.J., G.M. McFarquhar, J.L. Stith, M. Diao, P.J. DeMott, C. S. McCluskey, T.C.J. Hill, G.C. Roberts, and K.J. Sanchez, 2023: An evaluation of the phase and microphysical properties of single- and multi-layer clouds and relating cloud phase to ice nucleating particles and cloud condensation nuclei over the Southern Ocean using in situ observations from SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2023JD038610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038610.
  222. D'Alessandro, J.J., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2023: Impacts of drop clustering and entrainment mixing on mixed phase shallow cloud properties over the Southern Ocean: Results from SOCRATES. J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2023JD038622, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038622.
  223. Dunnavan, E., J. Carlin, D. Schvartzman, A. Ryzhkov, H. Bluestein, S. Emmerson, G. McFarquhar, G. Heymsfield, and J. Yorks, 2023: High-resolution snowstorm measurements and retrievals using cross-platform multi-frequency and polarimetric radars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL103692, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103692.
  224. Dzambo, A.M., G. McFarquhar, and J.A. Finlon, 2023: Quantifying uncertainty in particle velocity-dimension relationships. J. Atmos. Sci., 80, 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-21-0322.1.
  225. Dzambo, A., G. McFarquhar, A. Sledd, and T. L’Ecuyer, 2023: Assessing latent and kinetic energy trend changes in extratropical cyclones from 1940-2020: Results from ERA-5 reanalysis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL105207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105207.
  226. Howes, C., P. Saide, H. Coe, A.N. Dobracki, S. Freitag, J. M. Haywood, S.G. Howell, S. Gupta, J. Uin, M. Kacarab, C. Kuang, L.R. Leung, A. Nenes, G. McFarquhar, J. Redemann, A.J. Sedlacek, K.L. Thornhill, J.P.S. Wong, R. Wood, H. Wu, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, and P. Zuidema, 2023: Title: Biomass-burning smoke properties and its interactions with marine stratocumulus clouds in WRF-CAM5 and southeastern Atlantic field campaigns. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13911-13940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023.
  227. Humphries, R.S., M.D. Keywood, J.P. Ward, J. Harnwell, S.P. Alexander, A.R. Klekociuk, K. Hara, I.M. McRobert, A. Protat, J. Alroe, L.T. Cravigan, B. Miljevic, Z.D. Ristovski, R. Schofield, S.R. Wilson, C.J. Flynn, G.R. Kulkarni, G.G. Mace, G.M. McFarquhar, S.D. Chambers, A.G. Williams, and A.D. Griffiths, 2023: Measurement report: Understanding the seasonal cycle of Southern Ocean aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 23, 3749-3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023.
  228. Janiszeski, A., R.M. Rauber, B.F. Jewett, G.M. McFarquhar, 2023: A kinematic modeling study of the re-organization of snowfall beneath cloud-top generating cells in and low-level snow bands in midlatitude winter storms. J. Atmos. Sci., In press.
  229. Mallet, M., R. S. Humphries, S. L. Fiddes, S.P. Alexander, K. Altieri, H. Angot, N. Anikumar, T. Bartels-Rausch, J. Cremean, M. Dall’Osto, A. Dommergue, M. Frey, S. Henning, D. Lannuzel, R. Lapere, G.G. Mace, A.S. Mahajan, G.M. McFarquhar, K.M. Meiners, B. Miljevic, I. Peeken, A. Protat, J. Schmale, N. Steiner, K. Sellegri, R. Simó, J.L. Thomas, M.D. Willis, V.H.L. Winton, and M.T. Woodhouse, 2023: Untangling the influence of Antarctic and Southern Ocean life on clouds. Elem. Sci. Anth., 11:1. https://doi.rog/10.1525/elementa.2022.00130.
  230. McCluskey, C.S., A. Gettelman, C.G. Bardeen, P.J. DeMott, K.A. Moore, S.M. Kreidenweis, T.C.J. Hill, K.R. Barry, C.H. Twohy, D.W. Toohey, B. Rainwater, J.B. Jensen, J.M. Reeves, S.P. Alexander, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2023: Simulating Southern Ocean aerosol and ice nucleating particles in the Community Earth System Model Version 2. J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2022JD036955. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036955.
  231. Miller, R.M., R.M. Rauber, L. Di Girolamo, M. Rilloraza, D. Fu, G.M. McFarquhar, S.W. Nesbitt, L.D. Ziemba, S. Woods, and K.L. Thornhill, 2023: Influence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on cloud base droplet size distributions in clouds over the South China Sea and West Pacific. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8959-8977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8959-2023.
  232. Sanchez, K.J., D. Painemal, M.D. Brown, E.C. Crosbie, F. Gallo, J.W. Hair, C.A. Hostetler, C.E. Jordan, C.E. Robinson, A.J. Scarino, T.J. Shingler, M.A. Shook, K.L. Thornhill, E.B. Wiggins, E.L. Winstead, L.D. Ziemba, S. Chambers, A. Williams, R.S. Humprhries, M.D. Keywood, J.P. Ward, L. Cravigan, I.M. McRobert, C. Flynn, G.R. Kulkarni, L.M. Russell, G.C. Roberts, G.M. McFarquhar, A. Nenes, S.F. Woods, J.S. Reid, J. Small-Griswold, S. Brooks, S. Kirschler, C. Voigt, J. Wang, D.J. Delene, P.K. Quinn, and R.H. Moore, 2023: Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations. Nature Scientific Data, 10:471, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02372-z.  
  233. Varcie, M.M., T.J. Zaremba, R.M. Rauber, G.M. McFarquhar, J.A. Finlon, L.A. McMurdie, D.J. Delene, M.R. Poellot, M. McLinden, A. Ryzhkov, F. Waitz, M. Schnaiter, and A. Janiszeski, 2023: Precipitation growth processes in the comma head region of the 7 February 2020 Northeast snowstorm: Results from IMPACTS. J. Atmos. Sci., 80, 3-20. DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-22-0118.1.
  234. Wang, J., Y. Lin, G.M. McFarquhar, E. Park, Y. Gu, Q. Su, R. Fu, K.W. Lee, and T. Zhang, 2023: Soil moisture observations from shortwave infrared channels reveal tornado tracks: A case in 10-11 December 2021 tornado outbreak. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL102984, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102984.
  235. Zhao, X., X. Liu, S. Burrows, M. Diao, G.M. McFarquhar, S. Patade, V. Phillips, Y. Shi, and M. Zhang, 2023: Important ice processes are missed by the Community Earth System Model (CESM) in Southern Ocean mixed-phase clouds: Bridging SOCRATES observations to model developments. J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2022JD037513. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037513.
  236. Zaremba, T.J., R.M. Rauber, L. Di Girolamo, J.R. Loveridge, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2024: On the radar detection of cloud seeing effects in wintertime orographic cloud systems. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 63, 27-45, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0154.1.
  237. De Vera, M.V., L. Di Girolamo, G. Zhao, R. Rauber, S. Nesbitt, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2024: Observations of the macrophysical properties of cumulus cloud fields over the tropical western Pacific and their connection to meteorological drivers. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5603–5623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5603-2024
  238. Ho, C.-H., D. Hyeon, M. Chang, G. McFarquhar, and S.-H. Won, 2024: Geostationary satellite-derived positioning of a tropical cyclone center using artificial intelligence algorithms over the western North Pacific. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105, E486-E500, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0130.2.
  239. Knight, C., M. Mallet, S. Alexander, A. Fraser, A. Protat, and G. McFarquhar, 2024: Cloud properties and boundary layer stability above Southern Ocean sea ice and coastal Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2022JD038280. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2022JD038280
  240. Kollias, P., G.M. McFarquhar, M. Oue, S. van den Heever, T. Logan, E. Bruning, K. Lombardo, M. Kumjian, Z. Lebo, R. Shaw, G. Roberts, P. DeMott, C. McCluskey, R. Patanude, A. Dzambo, M. Wolde, C. Nguyen, P. Lawson, R. Bruintjes, K. Lamer, E. Luke, B.P. Tresarras, V. Chandrasekaran, J. Snyder, D. Bodine, K. Ranjbar, L. Nichman, E. Roux, P. Tsai, C. Wolff, F. Junyent, Z. Mages, J. Barr, Z. Zhu, K. McKeown, K. Brunner, D. Singewald, J. Souza, E. Rosky, N. Allwayin, S. Patil, Y. Hu, H. Xia, Y. Qiao, Y. Huang, M. Miller, B. Denny, B. Ascher, and S. Weiss, 2023: Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0014.1.
  241. Niu, Q., G.M. McFarquhar, R. Marchand, A. Theisen, S.M. Cavallo, C. Flynn, P.J. DeMott, C.S. McCluskey, R.S. Humphries, and T.C.J. Hill, 2024: 62°S witnesses the transition of boundary layer marine aerosol pattern over the Southern Ocean (50°S–68°S, 63° E–150°E) during the spring and summer: Results from MARCUS. J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2023JD040396. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2023JD040396.
  242. Xia, Z., and G.M. McFarquhar, 2023: Dependence of cloud macrophysical properties and phase distributions on different environmental conditions over the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean: Results from COMBLE and MARCUS. J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2023JD039689. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039869.
  243. Zaremba, T.J., R.M. Rauber, K. Heimes, J.E. Yorks, J.A. Finlon, S.D. Nicholls, P. Selmer, L.A. McMurdie, and G.M. McFarquhar, 2024: Cloud top phase characterization of extratropical cyclones over the Northeast and Midwest United States: results from IMPACTS. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 63, 27-45, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0154.1.
  • Fellow, American Meteorological Society 
  • Fellow, American Geophysical Union 
  • Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science 
  • Member, European Geophysical Union
  • Linked In: greg-mcfarquhar-9899a011
Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO)
120 David L. Boren Blvd.
Suite 2100
Norman, OK 73072
Updated 1/10/2025 by Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO): ciwro@ou.edu