Africa and the Urge to Help: Humanitarianism in Historical Perspective

James Ferguson
Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University

James Ferguson is the Susan S. and William H. Hindle Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, and Professor in the Department of Anthropology. His research has focused on southern Africa (especially Lesotho, Zambia, South Africa, and Namibia), and has engaged a broad range of theoretical and ethnographic issues. These include the politics of “development”, rural-urban migration, changing topgraphies of property and wealth, constructions of space and place, urban culture in mining towns, experiences of modernity, the spatialization of states, the place of “Africa” in a real and imagined world, and the theory and politics of ethnography. Running through much of this work is a concern with how discourses organized around concepts such as “development” and “modernity” intersect the lives of ordinary people.

Professor Ferguson's more recent work has explored the surprising creation and/or expansion (both in southern Africa and across the global South) of social welfare programs targeting the poor, anchored in schemes that directly transfer small amounts of cash to large numbers of low-income people. His work aims to situate these programs within a larger “politics of distribution,” and to show how they are linked to emergent forms of distributive politics in contexts where new masses of “working age” people are supported by means other than wage labor. In this context, new political possibilities and dangers are emerging, even as new analytical and critical strategies are required. His book on this topic (Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution) was published in 2015.  More recently, he has been working on two new projects: first, a programmatic paper (co-authored with Tania Li) outlining an alternative approach to global political-economic inquiry in the wake of the failure of long-established transition narratives; and second, a theoretical essay exploring the ways that “presence” (rather than membership) can serve as a basis of social obligation (including the obligation to share).

Paul Richards
Professor Emeritus, Wageningen University

Paul Richards is an emeritus professor of technology and agrarian development at Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and adjunct professor at Njala University in central Sierra Leone. He was a professor in the Department of Anthropology, University College London and taught at the School of African and Oriental Studies, University of London, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Richards spent many years researching agricultural technology and African farming systems. He has spent much of his career living an working in Sierra Leone, near the border with Liberia. He has written in recent years on the Sierra Leonean civil war and, most recently, on the Ebola crisis.

Esther Mokuwa
PhD candidate, Wageningen University

Ms. Mokuwa is a PhD candidate who, during the 2014 Ebola epidemic, served as a member of the Sierra Leone Anthropology Ebola Response Platform. Members of the platform advocated for a more scaled-down, locally-oriented response to the disease than the international community had initially planned. For this work, Mokuwa shares in the "international impact prize" awarded to the platform for its Ebola work.