Introduction  

Discussion  

Conclusion  

References 

Authors

Model  

Home

     31st Fighter Wing. (1998). Public affairs after action report for EA-6B aircraft incident in northern Italy. Aviano Air Base, Italy: Department of the Air Force. 
     Brody, E. W. (1991). Managing communication processes: From planning to crisis response. New York: Praeger Publishers. 
Dougherty, D. (1992). Crisis communications. New York: Walker Publishing Company, Inc. 
     Dunlop, J. T. (1958).  Industrial relations systems.  New York: Henry Holt and Co. 
     Field Manual 46-1. (1997). Public affairs operations. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 
     Goldman, S. B., & Traverso, D. K. (1997). Don’t look now, but you are having a crisis. Risk Management, 44, 42-47. 
     Gonzalez-Herrero, A., & Pratt, C. B. (1995). How to manage a crisis before or whenever - it hits. Public Relations Quarterly, 40, 25-30. 
     Gudykunst, W. B. (1995).  Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In R.L. Wiseman (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 8-58).  Newbury Park, Ca: Sage. 
     Guth, D. W. (1995). Organizational crisis experience and public relations roles. Public Relations Review, 21, 123-137. 
Infante, D., Rancer, A., & Womack, D. (1997).  Building communication theory (3rd ed.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. 
     Lerbinger, O. (1997). The Crisis Manager.   Mahwah, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 
     Lukaszewski, J. E. (1997). Establishing individual and corporate crisis communications standards: The principles and protocols. Public Relations Quarterly, 42, 7-14. 
     O'Hair, D., & Kreps, G. L. (1990). Applied communication theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 
     Rogers, E. M. (1983).  Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.).  New York: Free Press.  
     Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (1995). Ambiguous argument as advocacy in organizational crisis communication. Argumentation and Advocacy, 31, 138-150. 
     Ten Berge, D. (1990). The First 24 Hours.  Cambridge, MA:  Basil Blackwell, Inc.