PCAP was brought to Oklahoma by the University of Oklahoma through the Department of Sociology.
The Parent‐Child Assistance Program (PCAP) is an award winning, evidence‐informed, home visitation and case management model for pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorders. PCAP goals are to help mothers build healthy families and prevent future births of children exposed prenatally to alcohol and drugs.
In the mid-1980's, Dr. Therese Grant was part of the research team at the University of Washington’s Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit who received a federal grant to study the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infants and young children. She found the most important lessons were learned from the conversations with the mothers who had deeply ingrained family dysfunction in their lives but wanted to be good moms. Instead, they were giving their babies the same kind of upbringing they had experienced as a child. They did not know any other way. This insight inspired Dr. Grant to continue this work and start the Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP).
In 1991, funding was received from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The researchers at UW began working with high‐risk mothers to help them address substance abuse issues, rebuild their lives, and prevent future births of children exposed prenatally to alcohol and drugs. Thus, the PCAP model was developed. Data showed that most of the mothers enrolled in PCAP were themselves abused, neglected, and deprived children. They found that moms, without help, will continue to experience a host of problems associated with intergenerational substance abuse and continue to bear children who suffer in turn. Since its inception in the 1990’s, PCAP has become an evidence-informed, honored, and recognized program serving pregnant and parenting moms with substance use disorders (SUD).
PCAP became established in Oklahoma City and Tulsa in 2021 as part of a five-year randomized control trial (RCT) enacted by Dr. Erin Maher (University of Oklahoma) and Dr. Susan Stoner (University of Washington) to replicate this evidence-informed program. Since then, it has expanded to include a one-year study in Enid, Oklahoma, referred to as PCAP-1. This one year program allows us to evaluate whether it may be more desirable for statewide implementation and reduce costs for program participation, which would allow more people struggling with substance use during pregnancy or shortly after birth to receive the services they need.
The Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP) was brought to Oklahoma through a partnership between the University of Oklahoma (OU) and the University of Washington (UW) to address Oklahoma’s high rates of substance use disorders (SUD), child maltreatment, and female incarceration rates. PCAP is currently located in Oklahoma City and Tulsa as part of a five-year randomized control trial (RCT). We have since expanded to Enid, referred to as PCAP-1, which will provide one year of intensive, one-on-one case management to pregnant and parenting mothers with substance use disorders. PCAP-1 will refer and support clients to achieve economic security and stable and secure employment, a key aspect of recovery that will benefit both them and their children. The data generated from the study will provide quality evidence to show the program’s effectiveness.
Extensively trained and highly supervised case managers work directly with women over a period of one year to help them through SUD treatment and recovery, connecting them to community resources to enable them to keep their children safely in their custody, avoid criminal justice involvement, and ensure that any future children are not exposed to substances. Small caseloads (~20 clients) enable case managers to provide home visiting, motivational interviewing, and assistance with goal setting related to obtaining alcohol/drug treatment; staying in recovery; choosing a family planning method; staying up to date with child health care; addressing housing, domestic violence, and child custody problems; and resolving system service barriers. Partnerships between clients, families, and community service providers promote long-term success.
PCAP was brought to Oklahoma by the University of Oklahoma through the Department of Sociology.
“This project is supported by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) of the United States (U.S) Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of the financial assistance award (Award #: 90FA3011-01-00 ) totaling $1,488,511 with 100 percent funded by ACF/HHS. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, ACF/HHS or the U.S. Government. For more information, please visit the ACF website, Administrative and National Policy Requirements.”
