“Great scientific advancements are best achieved through multidisciplinary collaboration, which is exactly what will be accomplished at the Oklahoma Center of Medical Imaging for Translational Cancer Research,” said OU President Joseph Harroz Jr. “This exciting effort unites some of the brightest minds from across two of our campuses, who will combine their expertise to develop life-changing solutions. Their work is a prime example of how OU researchers are reaching beyond traditional boundaries to spark new discoveries with real-world impacts.”

The award from the Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) program of the NIH is expected to provide more than $11.3 million over a five-year Phase 1 period, with the opportunity to compete for renewal for up to three phases. The first phase supports the center’s establishment to galvanize multidisciplinary biomedical research through equipment and facilities support to junior faculty. This is the second COBRE center on OU’s Norman campus, joining the Oklahoma COBRE in Structural Biology.

Bin Zheng, Ph.D., a professor and Oklahoma TSET Cancer Research Scholar in the Gallogly College of Engineering’s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, is leading the new center.

About the Oklahoma Center of Medical Imaging for Translational Cancer Research

Medical imaging is an essential tool to help doctors and scientists assess the size and scope of a tumor that will be effectively removed by surgery, as well as the rate at which tumors shrink in response to medical interventions such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. OU researchers are investigating multiple avenues to help improve medical imaging use in cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment.

“Radiological imaging tries to detect a tumor or disease area, while pathologic imaging tries to confirm whether it is benign or malignant,” Zheng said. “While there are other kinds of testing methods, like blood testing, imaging is the most commonly used by clinicians.”

“The problem is that reading medical images by radiologists is quite difficult because tumors, cancer and most diseases are very heterogenous – there is a lot a variation,” he added. “We often see different image diagnostic results from different clinicians or different hospitals because of the large inter-reader variability. This can result in applying different treatment options and potentially reduce treatment efficacy.”

To counter this challenge, the center’s researchers are developing quantitative imaging markers to provide an objective measure or index that can reduce subjectivity and improve consistency for medical image diagnosis using two primary types of research approaches.

The first approach is to develop new investigative cutting-edge imaging modalities to expand ability of doctors to see or detect more detailed tumor internal structures such as using the advanced optical imaging modalities and technology.

The second is to explore and extract more effective image features from the existing clinical imaging modalities – like CT, MRI and X-ray images – and then using artificial intelligence or machine learning models to develop new quantitative imaging markers to help reduce subjectivity and variability of cancer diagnosis and predicting cancer prognosis.

“When some patients undergo cancer treatments, some will respond favorably while others do not. The tumor continues to grow, so if we can develop a quantitative imaging marker to predict a patient’s likelihood to respond to a certain kind of chemotherapy or treatment, we can help physicians explore an alternative approach that may be more effective,” Zheng said.

Current Projects

The center is beginning with four projects currently underway. Three projects are led by faculty in the Gallogly College of Engineering and one by a clinician scientist at the Stephenson Cancer Center. All four projects will include close collaboration between engineering researchers from the OU Norman campus and clinician scientists from the OU Health Sciences Center campus to promote interdisciplinary and translational cancer research.  

Han Yuan, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering at OU Norman, is leading the project, “Neuroimaging Markers for Predicting Outcome of Brain Surgery.”

Yuan will collaborate with two clinician scientists, Drs. Chad Glenn and Ian Dunn, in the Department of Neurosurgery in the OU College of Medicine. The researchers are using improved imaging modalities and quantitative markers to more clearly define the margin of a tumor to improve patient outcomes.

“Accurately determining the extent of tumor resection, the process of cutting out impacted tissue, has significant impact on patients’ survival and risk of permanent post-operative neurological deficits,” Yuan said. “However, this is very difficult because tumors with ill-defined boundaries in proximity to critical brain areas are often incompletely removed or deemed inoperable for fear of damaging brain function.”

“We propose to develop a new approach to identify new quantitative image markers computed from three types of neuroimaging data using artificial intelligence, which enables us to more clearly define the margin of the tumor, predict the recovery of neurological deficits, and thus help improve surgical effect and survival of patients,” she said.

Stefan Wilhelm, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, is leading the project, “A New Structure 3D Optical Imaging of Tumor Endothelium for Cancer Nanomedicine Development.”

Wilhelm will collaborate with a Stevenson Cancer Center breast cancer oncologist, Dr. Wajeeha Razaq, and a molecular biologist, Dr. Resham Bhattacharya, at OU Health Sciences Center. The center will support the purchase of a 3D super-resolution optical microscope to allow researchers to better study nanomedicine, a branch of medicine that fuses nanotechnology and medicine for cancer treatment and prevention. The high-powered microscope will improve research in this area.

“Nanomedicine is a new and promising technology to improve drug delivery to tumors and treat cancer,” Wilhelm said. “However, the efficacy of nanomedicine still needs to be improved.”

“The objective of this project is to develop a 3D super-resolution optical microscope as a novel and unique method which enables researchers to better understand the intracellular pathways that nanoparticles take during transcytosis to treat tumors,” he added. “Success of this project can help researchers design and implement the optimal nanoparticle properties for intracellular nanoparticle transport and transcytosis to significantly improve efficacy of drug delivery to tumor tissue in cancer treatment.”

Yuchen Qiu, assistant professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, is leading the project, “Early-Stage Evaluation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis Fusing Radiographic and Pathology Medical Imaging.”

Qiu will collaborate with an oncologist, Dr. Kathleen Moore, and a pathologist, Dr. Kar-Ming Fung, at OU Health. This project aims to use artificial intelligence and machine learning with current CT imaging and pathology data to develop a model that can inform the establishment of imaging markers that can reduce subjectivity and variability of imaging results and improve patient treatment.

“Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat ovarian cancer,” Qiu said. “However, ovarian cancer is highly heterogeneous, and tumor response to specific chemotherapy varies significantly among patients. Currently, it lacks accurate clinical markers to stratify patients and predict who can and cannot benefit from certain types of chemotherapy drugs.”

“In order to address and help solve this clinical challenge, we propose to develop and validate a new strategy for early prediction of tumor response to chemotherapy using a novel image marker generated by an artificial intelligence or machine learning model that is trained using image features computed from both radiographic CT images and digital histopathology images,” he added. “Our goal is to enable more accurate predictions of patients’ response to chemotherapy at an early stage, in four to six weeks after starting chemotherapy, which can significantly reduce unnecessary toxicity to those patients who do not respond to the specific chemotherapy and apply alternative treatment.” 

About the University of Oklahoma

Founded in 1890, the University of Oklahoma is a public research university located in Norman, Oklahoma. OU serves the educational, cultural, economic and health care needs of the state, region and nation. For more information visit www.ou.edu.