BOOK REVIEW: THE LAST GIANT OF BERINGIA

O'Neill, Dan. 2004.

The last giant of Beringia: The mystery of the Bering Land Bridge. Westview Press, New York, NY. vii+231 p. ISBN 0- 8133-4197-3 [hard cover] Price: US$26.00/CDN$40.00

Available from:

Westview Press, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016
Tel.: (212) 340-8151, Fax: (212) 340-8115
http://www.westviewpress.com/

Those who have delved into Beringian history know the name Dave Hopkins. After an illustrious career with the U.S. Geological Survey, mostly working for the Alaska branch, Dave moved to the University of Alaska Fairbanks as a Distinguished Professor of Quaternary Science. At UAF he was the magnet that attracted faculty and students-botanists, zoologists, geologists, anthropologists, oceanographers-- and the glue that held them together through the activities of the Alaska Quaternary Center.

Dan O'Neill has written a biography of Dave, The last giant of Beringia, the giant referring to Dave, but clearly with a play on the word synonymous with Pleistocene megafauna. Dan has provided background on Dave's upbringing and early years in New Hampshire (born in 1921), the early development of his broad interests in natural history, his education, and on his long and productive professional career of more than 50 years, most of it in Alaska. In recent correspondence I have had with others who worked more closely with Dave and knew him better, I learned that we had each found something in the Dan's account we hadn't known before.

Dan hit the high points of the Bering Land Bridge, its history and impact on our biota, when during glacial intervals Alaska was biologically more an extension of northeast Asia than a part of North America. He described how Dave began to investigate Beringian history, step by step, working with fossil mollusks, sea floor morphology, ancient shorelines, paleosols, beetles, pollen and macrofossils, and the artifacts of early humans. He showed how the results of one study led to another, additively, until a coherent thread had been established. Dave was an intellectual omnivore, the quintessential interdisciplinary scientist, who could seize new ideas from any and all quarters, but when any one of them failed the test, happily discarded it and eagerly move on.

Several important players have smaller parts in the book, and Dan has done justice to the critical influences of botanists, Eric Hult,n and Bob Sigafoos, one archaeologist in particular, Louis Giddings, and many, many others who contributed hugely to Dave's understanding of Beringian paleoecology.

Dave was esteemed by his Russian colleagues just as has Dan described. I took reprints and greetings from Dave to Moscow on one of my trips and met with his old friends who made it abundantly clear that Dave was truly a good friend. Boris Yurtsev was one of those Russian friends. On a visit to Fairbanks, Boris was able to join the annual Quaternary field trip that Dave had instigated as a regular early fall event. We tented overnight on the "green" at Central and then went out to look at Quaternary gravels at local placer mines. Fall color was at its peak and the aspen and birch covered hillsides were a blaze of gold and Boris enchanted.

Dave's work led to symposium volumes to which he contributed papers or ones for which he was the motivating force, the most important of these being the The Bering Land Bridge in 1967 and Paleoecology of Beringia in 1982. More recently in 2001 there appeared a festschrift to Dave, Beringian Paleoenvironments, which is another important synthesis. It was the outcome of a conference that included a very moving evening with Dave, some slides, and his very personal reminiscences. Boris Yurtsev was there with a large Russian contingent, and the paper Boris published in the festschrift is the most complete statement we have of his tundra-steppe concept.

Dave Hopkins died in 2001. Dave's legacy is his family and friends, seminal papers, and lots of colleagues and former students, themselves now important figures in Quaternary science. He was a giant.

PROCEEDINGS FROM THE PANARCTIC FLORA 1998 SYMPOSIUM

Nordal, I. & V. Yu. Razzhivin [eds.] 1999.

The species concept in the high north a Panarctic flora initiative. Det norske videnskaps-akademi. Skrifter. 1. Mat.- naturv. klasse. Ny serie (nr. 38). Oslo. 418 p. ISBN 82-90888-33-3; ISSN 1502- 0096 [soft cover] Price: US$40.00

Limited number of copies is available from:

Inger Nordal [inger.nordal@bio.uio.no]

Thirty-two contributions by US, Canadian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish and Russian botanist deal with problems related to compiling the Panarctic Flora. This Flora would include all the Arctic regions.

The "Panarctic Year" at the Norwegian Centre of Advanced studies was initiated by an international symposium, September 28 to October 3, 1998, with about 30 participants.

Section I in this volume includes the proceedings from this symposium. With the extant knowledge of the history, palaeogeography, evolution, and taxonomy of the Arctic, the editors wanted to be open to different views, and contrasting, even conflicting, views might be found.

During the "Panarctic Year" several workshops (or the so-called "expert group meetings") have been organised on critical genera/families with complicated taxonomy, obviously treated differently within Russian, Nordic, and/or American tradition. The reports from these workshops are presented in Section II and include notes on Cerastium, Draba, Dryas, Papaver, Poaceae, Potentilla, Salix, and Saxifraga.

Section III contains reports on an earlier meeting of the Panarctic Flora committee, zonal subdivision of the Arctic, and an example of a checklist of Arctic members of the Saliaceae family.

A COMPILATION OF ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF THE CONTINENTAL PORTIONS OF NORTHWEST TERRITORIES AND NUNAVUT

Introduction

The protection of biodiversity in the Canadian north is receiving increasing attention as settlement and exploitation of natural resources expand. Invasive species are rapidly entering the region (Wein et al. 1992, Cody et al. 2000) which includes many native species of concern (Cody 1979, McJannet et al. 1995, Talbot et al. 1999) and many that are important to native people and wildlife (e.g. Marles et al. 2000). A strong and ever growing commitment to the protection of biodiversity is evident in territorial initiatives such as the Northwest Territories Biodiversity Action Plan (NWT Biodiversity Team 2004). With the increasing interest in the protection of natural resources there is an increasing need for accurate information on the flora including particularly the information needed for plant identification. There is also a great international interest in the Canadian portion of the circumpolar flora as a result of cooperative work on classification and evolution of circumpolar plants involving all circumpolar countries. This work also requires that information be current and accessible. The information presented here responds to these needs. The list includes species that are new to the continental areas of Northwest Territories and Nunavut together, and thus new to the classic flora (Porsild and Cody 1980) that covers this region.

The area

In 1980 when the manual of Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada (Porsild & Cody 1980) was published the "Territories" included a continental (excluding oceanic islands) land and freshwater area of approximately 3/4 of a million square miles. It extended from the Yukon border north of 60 degrees east to Hudson Bay and was bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean. On April 1, 1999, the eastern portion of this territory (including all of the District of Keewatin and much of the District of Mackenzie and the District of Franklin) became a part of a separate territory called Nunavut which has a continental area of 350,000 square miles.

Recent work

Since 1980 there have been several regional studies of the flora and vegetation of mainland parts of both Northwest Territories (NT) and Nunavut (NU). Some of these have emphasized phytogeography and included reference to the discovery of additional species ( e.g. Cody et al. 2003) while others have not, often being concerned primarily with detailed information on vegetation composition (e.g. Cody et al. 1984). In addition numerous systematic studies of particular groups of plants have been published and many of these contain additional plant records, i.e. species additional to those included in the manual. To use the guide effectively an update to the information is required. Here we provide the update with an indication of sources of additional information. Since this compilation was prepared two additional sources have become available but the results have not been included here (see Catling 2005 and Catling 2006).

Methods

This compilation includes all additions to the Porsild and Cody (1980) manual known to us and is also based on (1) a literature search in Biosis using such key words as "addition", "Northwest Territories", "new record", "new plant", "flora;" (2) an analysis of the maps in "Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago" (Aiken et al. 2002), (3) a search for additional records in the recently published volumes of Flora of North America (including volumes 2, 3, 4, 22, 23, 25, and 26; (3) a survey of monographs published in Rhodora; and (4) a survey of articles in The Canadian Field-Naturalist. We suspect that with this work we have compiled over 95% of the additions. We will appreciate learning of any that we have overlooked.

This compilation applies only to the combined continental area of NT and NU, i.e. continental N.W.T. in the sense of Porsild and Cody (1980). The northernmost peninsulas of Nunavut, the Boothia Peninsula and the Melville Peininsula, are traditionally not included in the continental area (Porsild & Cody, 1980, p. 2). Additional taxa may include species, subspecies, varieties, forms, hybrids and differentiated races potentially worthy of taxonomic recognition. Additions may result from new discoveries in the area, corrections to existing reports or newly defined taxa.

The taxa are arranged by family and this will help to ensure that users of the 1980 flora are aware of more recently discovered taxa related to those that can be identified using the the 1980 text. More information on these species is available in the references provided.

Synopsis

Porsild and Cody (1980) listed 1113 species. The published additions of 111 taxa listed here includes 94 species, 9 infraspecific taxa (i.e. additional subspecies, varieties and forms of species listed by Porsild & Cody in 1980) and 8 hybrids. Based on the recorded additions and the deletions of 6 species (listed below), 1201 species are known from the combined continental areas of NT and NU. An accurate number of taxa (all categories including different subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids) is not available at present. Of the additional species, 68 are native and 26 are introduced. The families with the largest representation among the additional species are the grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae).

Additions to Northwest Territories (NT) and Nunavut (NU)

• ISOETACEAE
  • Isoetes lacustris L. (I. macrospora Dur.; Cody 1996).

• EQUISETACEAE
  • Equisetum X litorale Kuehlewein ex Ruprecht (E. arvense L. X E. fluviatile L.; Hauke 1993).

• OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
  • Botrychium simplex E. Hitchcock (McJannet et al. 1995, Cody 1996).
    Botrychium spathulatum W. H. Wagner (Wagner & Wagner 1993, Cody 1996).

• POLYPODIACEAE
  • Polypodium sibiricum Siplivinsky. Most of the Polypodium plants in NT & NU are referable to this species rather than the previously reported Polypodium virginianum L. which is known only from an isolated area near the southern border (Haufler et al. 1993).

• PINACEAE
  • Abies bifolia A. Murray (Thieret 1993).

• ACORACEAE
  • Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. Previously reported as A. calamus L. which is now treated as a separate species with a more southern distribution (Thompson 2000).

• LEMNACEAE
  • Lemna turionifera Landolt. Lemna minor L. has been split into L. minor and L. turionifera. Plants reported as the former from NT are now recognized as Lemna turionifera (Landolt 2000).

• SPARGANIACEAE
  • Sparganium emersum Rehmann (Kaul 2000).

• POTAMOGETONACEAE
  • Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & W. D. J. Koch (Cody 1996).
  • Potamogeton pusillus L. subsp. tenuissimus (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch) R.R. Haynes & Hellquist (Haynes & Hellquist 2000).
  • Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Boerner subsp. filiformis. Plants reported previously under this name were placed with the P. filiformis Pers. var. borealis (Raf.) St. John, now Stuckenia filiformis subsp. alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & Kral. Thus Stuckenia filiformis subsp. filiformis is an addition (Haynes & Hellquist 2000).
  • Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) Boerner subsp. occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Kral (Haynes & Hellquist 2000).
  • Zannichellia palustris L. (Cody 1998).

• ALISMATACEAE
  • Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. americana J. A. Schultes (A. triviale Pursh; Cody 1996).

• POACEAE
  • *Agrostis stolonifera L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Alopecurus arundinaceus Sobol (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Alopecurus pratensis L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Bromus commutatus Schrader (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Bromus hordeaceus L. (B. mollis auct. non L.; Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Bromus squarrosus L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • Calamagrostis holmii Lange (McJannet et al. 1995).
  • Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauvois ex Roemer & J. A. Schultes (Cody 1996, Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • *Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex Frederiksen. Shown to occur in Nunavut by Aiken & Darbyshire (1990) and in Northwest Territories by Aiken et al. (2002).
  • *Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Festuca valesiaca Schleicher ex Gaudin subsp. sulcata (Hackel) Schinz & R. Keller (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lamarck) Husnot (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Lolium perenne L. subsp. perenne (Cody et al. 2000).
  • Pleuropogon sabinei R. Brown (Cody et al. 1989, also Korol 1992).
  • *Poa annua L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • Poa hartzii Gandoger Arctic Ocean coastline (Gillespie et al. 1997, Gillespie & Boles 2001, Aiken et al. 2002).
  • Poa pseudoabbreviata Roshevitz (Cody 1996).
  • *Secale cereale L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Barkworth 2003).
  • *Triticum aestivum L. (Cody et al. 2000).
  • *Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray (Cody et al. 2000).

• CYPERACEAE
  • Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz X subspathacea Wormskj. Possibly refers to the continental area (Cayouette & Catling 1992).
  • Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz subsp. lugens (T. Holm) T. V. Egorova. Included in C. bigelowii by Porsild and Cody (1980, see Standley et al. 2002).
  • Carex flava L. (Crins 2002).
  • Carex hoodii Boott (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Carex microptera Mack. (Carex festivella Mack. which was included in C. macloviana d'Urv. by Porsild & Cody (1980), see Cody, Reading & Line (2003) and Mastrogiuseppe et al. (2002).
  • Carex petasata Dewey (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Carex prairea Dewey (Cody 1996).
  • Carex sterilis Willdenow (Reznicek 2002).
  • Carex utriculata Boott in W.J. Hook.. Previously often included with C. rostrata Stokes (Reznicek & Ford 2002).
  • Eriophorum tenellum Nuttall (Ball & Wujek 2002).
  • Eriophorum X medium Andersson subsp. album J. Cayouette (E. russeolum Fries ex Hartman subsp. leiocarpum X E. scheucheri Hoppe subsp. scheuchzeri; Cayouette 2004).
  • Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) A. L"ve & D. L"ve var. acutus (Smith 2002).

• JUNCACEAE
  • Juncus mertensianus Bongard (Brooks & Clemants 2000).
  • Juncus tenuis Willdenow (Brooks & Clemants 2000).

• LILIACEAE
  • *Allium fistulosum L. (Cody 1996).
  • Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link subsp. amplexicaule (Nutt.) LaFrankie (Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt.; Lafrankie 2002).

• IRIDACEAE
  • Sisyrinchium septentrionale E.P. Bicknell (Cholewa & Henderson 2002).

• ORCHIDACEAE
  • Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin (Farwell) Sheviak (C. pubescens var. makasin Farwell; Sheviak 2002).
  • Malaxis monophyllos L. Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) Morris & Eames (M. brachypoda [Gray] Fern.; Cody & Johnston 2003).

• SALICACEAE
  • Salix arctica Pallas X S. glauca L. (Cody & Reading 2005).
  • Salix raupii Argus (Argus 1986).
  • Salix rotundifolia Trautvetter subsp. rotundifolia (Cody, Reading & Line 2003, also Cody & Reading 2005).
  • Salix sphenophylla Skvortzov (McJannet et al. 1995).

• BETULACEAE
  • Alnus viridis (Villars) DeCandolle subsp. fruticosa (Ruprecht) Nyman (Furlow 1997).
  • Alnus viridis (Villars) Lamarck & DeCandolle subsp. sinuata (Regel) Loeve & Loeve (Furlow 1979, 1997).
  • Betula nana L. subsp. exilis (Sukaczev) Hult. Previously combined with B. glandulosa Michx. in Porsild & Cody 1980 (Furlow 1997).
  • Betula X uliginosa Dugle (B. glandulosa Michx. X B. neoalaskana Sarg.; Jasieniuk & Johnson 1979).
  • Betula X eastwoodiae Sarg. (B. glandulosa Michx. X B. occidentalis Hook.; Furlow 1997).
  • Betula X sargentii Dugle (B. glandulosa Michx. X B. pumila L.; Jasieniuk & Johnson 1979).

• POLYGONACEAE
  • *Polygonum fowleri Robinson (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• CHENOPODIACEAE
  • Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque (C. hybridum L. var. simplex Torr., C. gigantospermum Aellen; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003).
  • *Corispemum villosum Rydb. (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Corispermum hookeri Mosyakin (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Corispermum ochotense Ignatov (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • *Corispermum orientale Lamarck var. emarginatum (Rydb.) Macbride (Cody et al. 2000).

• CARYOPHYLLACEAE
  • Sagina procumbens L. (Rabeler & Thieret 1997).
  • Silene sorensenis (Boivin) Bocquet. Shown to occur in the Mackenzie delta region by Aiken et al. (2002).
  • Silene uralensis (Ruprecht) Bocquet subsp. ogilviensis (A.E. Porsild) Brunton (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• RANUNCULACEAE
  • Anemone multifida Poiret var. saxicola Boivin (Dutton et al. 1997).
  • Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritzel (Dutton et al. 1997).
  • Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. aquatilis (Whittemore 1997).
  • Ranunculus flammula L. var. ovalis (J.M. Bigelow) L.D. Benson (Whittemore 1997). Ranunculus X spitzbergensis (Nathorst) Hadac (R. lapponicus L. x R. pallasii Schlecht.; Cody et al. 1988).
  • Ranunculus gmelinii DC. X R. hyperboreus Rottb. ( R. yukonensis Britt., R. hyperboreus Rottb. var. turquetilianus Polunin; Cayouette et al. 1997).

• PAPAVERACEAE
  • Papaver radicatum Rottb. subsp. polare Tolmachew (Kiger & Murray 1997).

• BRASSICACEAE
  • Arabis calderi G. Mulligan (Mulligan 1995).
  • Arabis holboellii Hornemann var. secunda (Howell) Jepson (Cody 1996). Also sometimes included in the genus Boechera (Loeve & Loeve 1976, Aiken et al. 2002) as Boechera holboellii (Hornem.) Loeve & Loeve but some recent authors have retained the genus name Arabis (Mulligan 1995, Rollins 1997).
  • Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane and Al-Shehbaz subsp. lyrata. Reported as Arabis lyrata L. by Cody (1996) who used the name in the strict sense, i.e. not including A. lyrata var. kamchatica Fischer and A. kamchatica (Fischer) Ledeb. Mulligan (1995) treated the latter as a species while O'Kane and Al-Shehbaz (1997) accepted it as a subspecies.
  • Arabis pinetorum Tidestrom (Cody 1996).
  • Braya pilosa Hook. This plant of sandy sea shore is apparently not a synonym of B. glabella of damp interior tundra as postulated Porsild & Cody 1980 (McJannet et al. 1995, Aiken et al. 2002). It was treated as a species by Rollins (1993) who noted that it is "known only from the type locality at the mouth of the Mackenzie River.
  • *Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex Gray) Britton subsp. incisa (D. richardsonii O.E. Schultz subsp. incisa (Engelm.) Detling; Cody 1996, Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Draba oblongata R.Br. ex DC. was expected to be discovered on the mainland coast by Porsild & Cody (1980) and recently mapped from the base of the Boothia Peninsula by Aiken et al. (2002). Several species (including Draba subcapitata Simmons and Epilobium arcticum Samuelsson) are widespread on the arctic islands but known on the mainland only from the Boothia Peninsula or from there and a very few other coastal sites.
  • Draba stenoloba Ledeb. (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Draba subcapitata Simmons (Cody et al. 1992).
  • Erysimum coarctatum Fernald (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• CRASSULACEAE
  • *Sedum spurium Bieberstein (Wein et al. 1992).

• ROSACEAE
  • Potentilla hyparctica Malte. A northern race, possibly worthy of taxonomic recognition, has been differentiated by Aiken et al. (2002). It occurs in the mainland area at the base of the Boothia Peninsula and on the coast south of King William Island.

• FABACEAE
  • Astragalus eucosmus Robinson f. albinus Fernald (Cody & Reading 2005).
  • *Caragana arborescens Lamarck (Wein et al. 1992).
  • *Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. (Wein et al. 1992, Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • *Vicia cracca L. (Wein et al. 1992).

• VIOLACEAE
  • Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie (Cody 1996).

• ONAGRACEAE
  • Epilobium hornemanii Reichenb. (Cody 1996).
  • Epilobium latifolium L. f. albiflorum Nathorst (Cody & Reading 2005).This species is often placed in the genus Chamerion as Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub.

• APIACEAE
  • Podistera macounii (Coulter & Rose) Mathias & Constance (Ligusticum mutellinoides (Crantz) Willar; McJannet et al. 1995).

• ERICACEAE
  • Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• GENTIANACEAE
  • Halenia deflexa (J. E. Smith) Grisebach (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• POLEMONIACEAE
  • Polemonium boreale Adams f. albiflorum Cody (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).

• LAMIACEAE
  • Monarda fistulosa L. var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald (Straley 1986).
  • Physostegia ledinghamii (Boivin) Cantino. Loan's collection from Salt River at DAO is a paratype. Reported by Porsild & Cody (1980) as P. parviflora Nutt. ex Gray (Cantino 1981, Feswick & Catling 2004).

• SCROPHULARIACEAE
  • *Veronica longifolia L. (Cody 1996).

• ASTERACEAE
  • *Crepis tectorum L. (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Packera ogotorukensis (Packer) Loeve & Loeve. Reported as Senecio ogotorukensis Packer (Cody 1996).

• Notes
  • Carex foenea Willd. A misapplied name in Porsild and Cody (1980), now Carex siccata Dewey based on examination of numerous specimens at DAO herbarium supporting its widespread occurrence in southern NT.
  • Carex paleacea Schreb. ex Wahlenb. The map in Standley et al. (2002) is incorrect in indicating the presence of this species in the area (J. Cayouette pers. comm.).
  • Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Deleted by Cody, Reading & Line (2003).
  • Danthonia intermedia Vasey. Revised to D. spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (Cody 1996, Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Eleocharis compressa Sullivant. The report of E. compressa in Porsild & Cody (1980) is apparently based on 2 sheets at DAO from the vicinity of Heart Lake Biological Station 60 deg. 51'N, 116 deg. 37'W, collected in 1972 by S. S. Talbolt (3742 and 2310). Since the translucent apex of scales is less than 0.5 mm long, and the culms are 2 times wider than thick, these specimens seem best placed with E. elliptica Kunth. Eleocharis compressa was not reported from NT by Smith et al. (2002) and E. elliptica is a new record listed above.
  • Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. Revised to E. coarctatum Fern. (Cody, Reading & Line 2003).
  • Nymphaea tetragona Georgi subsp. leibergii (Morong) Porsild. Now treated as Nymphaea leibergii Morong but the material reported under the former name by Porsild & Cody (1980) is referable to Nymphaea tetragona Georgi.
  • Physostegia parviflora Nutt. ex Gray. This species reported by Porsild and Cody (1980) is to be deleted, the specimens being referable to P. ledinghamii (Boivin) Cantino (Cantino 1981, Feswick & Catling 2004).
  • Saxifraga tenuis (Wahlenb.) H.Sm. ex Lindm. Deleted by Cody (1996) on the basis if revision of specimens reported by Korol (1992) to S. nivalis L.

Acknowledgement

Helpful comments were provided by Dr. Jacques Cayouette.

Literature Cited

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26.08 Sorghum Moench. Pp. 626-630 in Barkworth M.E., K.M. Kapels, S. Long & M. B. Piep, eds. Flora of North America Volume 25, Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part: Poaceae, part 2). Oxford University Press, New York.

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Additions to the flora of the continental Northwest Territories from the Great Slave area. Canadian Field-Naturalist. [in press]

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A taxonomic review of the Eriophorum russeolum - E. scheuchzeri complex (Cyperaceae) in North America. Sida 21(2): 791-814.

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